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200 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
osseous
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bone are composed of bony connective tissue
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osteocytes
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bone cells
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cartilage
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the bones of a fetus are composed mainly
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osteoblasts
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during bone development, immature bone cells ________ bony tissue.
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osteroclasts
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large bone cells called __________ digest bone tissue to shape the bone and smooth it out.
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calcium and phosphorus
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two mineral substances necessary for proper development of bones
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sesamoid bone
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a round, small bone resembling a sesame seed in shape and covering the knee joint
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diaphysis
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the shaft of a long bone
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epiphysis
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the ends of a long bone
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epiphyseal plate
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the cartilaginous areas at the end of a long bone where growth takes place.
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cancellous or trabecular
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red bone marrow is found in spongy or _____________?
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fat tissue
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yellow bone narrow is composed of?
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periosteum
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the strong membrane surrounding the surface of a bone
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compact bone
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hard, dense bone tissue lying under the periosteum
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haverisan canals
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a series of canals containing blood vessels lie within the outer dense tissue of bone
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articular cartilage
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a thin layer of cartilage covering the ends at the joints
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medullary cavity
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is a central, hollowed-out area in the shaft of long bones.
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orthopedist
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a physician who treats bone and bone disease
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chiropractor
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a practitioner who uses his or her hands to manipulate the patient's spinal column (in the belief that diseases are caused by pressure on spinal nerves).
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osteopath
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a doctor who treats patients based on the belief that the body can be healed when bones are in proper position and adequate nutrition is provided.
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metaphysis
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flared portion of a long bone that lies between the diaphysis and the eiphyseal plate.
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sinus
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hollow cavity within the bone
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tubercle
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rounded process for attachment of tendons and muscles
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condyle
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rounded, knuckle-like process at the joint
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fossa
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shallow cavity in or on a bone
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tuberosity
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rounded process for attachment of muscles and tendons
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trochanter
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large process on the femur for attachment of tendson and muscles
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foramen
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opening in a bone for blood vessels and nerves
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fissure
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narrow, deep, slit-like opening
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bone head
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rounded end of a bone separated from the rest of the bone by a neck
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parietal bone
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forms the roof and upper side parts of the skull
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ethmoid bone
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delicate bone, composed of spongy, cancellous tissue; supports the nasal cavity and orbits of the eye.
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frontal bone
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forms the forehead
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sphenoid bone
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bat-shaped bone extending behind the eyes to form the base of the skull
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temporal bone
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bone near the ear and connecting to the lower jaw
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zygomatic bone
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cheekbone
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nasal bone
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bone that supports the bridge of the nose
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vomer
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thin, flat bone forming the lower portion of the nasal spectum
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mandible
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lower jawbone
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maxilla
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upper jawbone
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lacrimal bones
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two paired bones, one located at the corner of each eye.
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cervical
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pertaining to the neck of the body or lower neck-line portion of the uterus.
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thoracic
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pertaining to the chest
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lumbar
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in the back of the body, the lumbar region is the lower back, just above the sacrum. In the front of the body, it is one of two middle lateral regions on either side of the umbilical region (near the naval).
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sacral
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pertaining to the sacrum
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coccygeal
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pertaining to the tailbone or coccyx
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neural canal
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space through which the spinal cord passes
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intervertebral disk
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piece of carilage between each vertebra
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vertebral arch
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posterior part of a vertebra
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vertebral body
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anterior part of a vertebra
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scapula
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shoulder blade
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humerus
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upper arm bone
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sternum
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breastbone
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femur
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thigh bone
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phalanges
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finger bones
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metacarpals
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hand bone
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ulna
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lower arm bone (little finger side)
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radius
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lower arm bone (thumb side)
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clavicle
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collar bone
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carpals
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wrist bone
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vertebral column
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backbone
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patella
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kneecap
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tibia
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shin bone (larger of two lower leg bones)
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fibula
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smaller of two lower leg bones
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ilium, ischium, pubis
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three parts of the pelvis
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metatarsals
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midfoot bones
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foramen magnum
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Opening or passage in bones where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave.
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calcaneus
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Pertaining to the calcaneus (heel bone).
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acromion
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Outward extension of the shoulder blade forming the point of the shoulder.
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xiphoid process
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Lower, narrow portion of the sternum (breastbone).
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lamina
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One of two posterior (back) arches of a vertebra.
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malleolus
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Either of two bony enlargements (processes) on each side of an ankle.
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acetabulum
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Rounded depression or socket in the pelvis, which joins the femur forming the hip joint.
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pubic symphysis
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Area of confluence of the two pubic bones in the midline of the pelvic bone. It is a slightly movable joint separated by a disk of fibrocartilage.
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olecranon
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Large process on the end (proximal) of the ulna; elbow.
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fontanelle
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Soft spot between skull bones of an infant.
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mastoid process
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Round projection (process) on the temporal bone behind the ear.
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styloid process
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Pole-like process extending downward from the temporal bone on each side of the skull.
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osteogenesis
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formation of bone; osteogenesis imperfecta is known as brittle bone disease
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hypercalcemia
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excessive calcium in the blood
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spondylosis
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abnormal condition of the vertebrae; degenerative changes in the spine
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epiphyseal plate
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pertaining to the epiphysis
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decalcification
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removal of calcium from bones
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ossification
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formation of bone
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osteitis
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inflammation of bone; osteitis deformans (Paget disease) causes deformed bones such as an enlarged skull
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costoclavicular
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pertaining to the ribs and clavicle
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Scapular
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pertaining to the shoulder blade
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Craniotome
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Instrument to cut the skull (cranium).
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Humeral
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Pertaining to the humerus (upper arm bone).
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subpatellar
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pertaining to the kneecap
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chondromalacia
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softening of cartilage
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phalangeal
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pertaining to a toe bone
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metacarpectomy
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removal of hand bone
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tibial
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pertaining to the shin bone
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calcaneal
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pertaining to the heel bone
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osteodystrophy
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poor bone development
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laminectomy
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removal of the lamina of the vertebral arch
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sacroiliac
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pertaining to the sacrum and ilium
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myelopiesis
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formation of bone marrow
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talipes
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clubfoot
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hypercalcemia
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high levels of calcium in the blood
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exostose
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benign tumors arising from the bone surface
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osteogenesis imperfection
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brittle bone disease
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scoliosis
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lateral curvature of the spine
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lordosis
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anterior curvature of the spine
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spondylolisthesis
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forward slipping (subluxation) of a vertebra over a lower vertebra
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osteotome
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instrument to cut bone
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greenstick facture
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one side of the bone is fractured; the other side is bent
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closed fracture
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break in the bone without an open skin wound
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comminuted fracture
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bone is splintered or crushed.
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compound (open) fracture
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break in bone with wound in the skin
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colles fracture
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fracture of the lower end of the radius at the wrist
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cast
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mold of the bone applied to fractures to imobilize the injured bone
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open reduction
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bone is put in proper place after incision through the skin
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closed induction
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bone is put in proper place without incision of skin
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impacted fracture
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bone is broken and one side of the fracture is wedged into the other
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compression fracture
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bone is broken by pressure from another bone; often in vertebrae, bone is partially flattened.
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osteoporosis
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increased porosity in bone; decrease in bone density
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osteomyelitis
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inflammation of bone and bone marrow
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osteogenic sarcoma
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cancerous tumor of bone; osteoblasts multiply at the ends of long bones
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crepitus
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crackling sensation as boken bones move against each other
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osteomalacia
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softening of bones; rickets in children due to loss of calcium in bones
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abcess
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collection of pus
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ostopenia
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deficiency of bone; occurs in osteoporosis
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Ewing sarcoma
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malignant tumor of bone, often involving the entire shaft of a long bone.
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metastatic bone lesion
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malignant tumor that has spread to bone from the breast, lung, kidney, or prostate gland
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suture joint; a synovial joint is a freely movable joint
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a joint in which apposed bones are closely united as in the skull bones
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tendon
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connective tissue that binds muscles to bones
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articulation
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another term for a joint
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ligament
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connective tissue that binds bones to other bones
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synovial fluid
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fluid found in a joint
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synovial membrane
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membrane that lines the joint cavity
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bursa
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a sac of fluid near a joint
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articular cartilage
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smooth cartilage that covers the surface of bones at joints
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arthroplasty
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surgical repair of a joint
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periarthritis
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inflammation surrounding a joint
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tendinitis or tendonitis
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inflammation of a tendon
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chondroma
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tumor (benign) of cartilage
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chondrosarcoma
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tumor (malignant) of cartilage
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arthrotomy
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incision of a joint
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chondromalacia
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softening of cartilage
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hemarthrosis
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abnormal condition of blood in the joint
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bursitis
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inflammation of a sac of fluid near the joint
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rheumatologist
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a doctor who specializes in treatment of joint disorders
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anklyosis
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abnormal condition of a stiffened, immoble joint
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tenorrhaphy
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suture of a tendon
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achondroplasia
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an inherited condition in which the bones of the arms and the legs fail to grow normally because of a defect in cartilage and bone formation; type of dwarfism
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osteoarthritis
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degeneration joint disease; chronic inflamattion of bones and joints
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gouty arthritis
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inflammation of joints caused by excessive uric acid in the body (hyperuricemia)
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rheumatoid arthritis
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chronic joint disease; inflamed and painful joints owing to autommune reaction against normal joint issue, and synovial membranes becomes swollen and thickened
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lyme disease
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tick borne bacterium causes this condition marked by arthritis, myalgia, malaise, and neurologic and cardiac symptoms
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bunion
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abnormal swelling of a metatarsophalangeal joint
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ganglion
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cystic mass arising from a tendon in the wrist
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ankylosing spondylitis
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chronic, progressive arthritis with stiffening of joints, especially of the spine (vertebrae)
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systemic lupus erythematosus
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chronic inflammatory disease affecting not only the joints but also the skin (butterfly rash on the face), kidney, heart, and lungs.
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tenosynovitis
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inflammation of a tendon sheath
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carpal tunnel syndrome
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compression of the median nerve in the wrist as it passes through an area between a ligament and tendons, bones, and connective tissue
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dislocation
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displacement of a bone from its joint
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subluxation
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partial or incomplete displacement of a bone from the joint
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arthrodesis
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surgical fixation of a joint (binding it together by fusing the joint surfaces)
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pyrexia
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fever; increase in body temperature
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podagra
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pain in a big toe from gouty arthritis
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sciatica
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pain radiating from the back to the leg (along the sciatic nerve); most commonly caused by a protruding intervertebral disk.
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herniation of an intervertebral disk
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protrusion of a disk into the netural canal or the spinal nerves
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laminectomy
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removal of a portion of the vertebral arch (lamina) to relieve pressure from a protruding intervertebral disk
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sprain
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trauma to a joint with pain, swelling, and injury to ligaments
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strain
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overstretching of a muscle
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hyperuricemia
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high levels of uric acid in the bloodstream; present in gouty arthritis
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fascia
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fibrous membrane separatng and enveloping muscles
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abduction
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movement away from the midline of the body
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origin
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connection of the muscle to a stationary bone
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insertion
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connection of the muscle to a bone that moves
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visceral
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muscle that is connected to internal organs; involuntary muscle
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skeletal
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muscle that is connected to bones; voluntary muscle
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polymyalgia
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pain of many muscles
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myocardial
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pertaining to heart muscle
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electromyography
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process of recording electricity within muscles
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hypertrophy
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increase in development (size) of an organ or tissue
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extension
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straightening out a limb or joint
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rotation
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circular movement around an axis
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flexion
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bending a limb
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adduction
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movement toward the midline
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supination
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turning the palm forward
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abduction
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movement away from the midline
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pronation
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turning the palm backward
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dorsiflexion
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backward (upward) bening of the foot
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plantar flexion
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bending the sole of the foot downward
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leiomyosarcoma
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malignant tumor of smooth (involuntary, visceral) muscle)
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rhabdomyoma
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benign tumor of striated (voluntary, skeletal) muscle
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polymyositis
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inflammation of many muscles; _________ rheumatica is a chronic inflammatory condition causing muscle weakness and pain
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fibromyalgia
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pain of muscle and fibrous tissue (especially of the back); also called fibrositis or rheumatism
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muscular dystrophy
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group of inherited muscular diseases marked by progressive weakness and degeneraton of muscles without nerve involvement
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myasthenia gravis
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loss of strength of muscles (often with paralysis) because of a defect at the connection between the nerve and the muscle cell
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amyothrophic lateral sclerosis
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muscles degenerate (paralysis occurs) owing to degeneration of nerves in the spinal cord and lower region of the brain; Lou Gehrig disease
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antinuclear antibody test
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test tells if patient has systemic lupus erythematosus
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serum creatine kinase
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elevated blood levels of this enzyme are found in muscular disorders.
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uric acid test
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test tells if patient has gouty arthritis
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rheumatoid factor test
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test for presence of an antibody found in the serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
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bone scan
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radioactive substance is injected and traced in dense, hard connective tissue
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muscle biopsy
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removal of soft connective tissue for microscopic examination
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