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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
population genetics
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the study of evolution from a genetic point of view.
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bell curve
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a graph of the frequency of lengths in a population. called a bell curve because the shape of the curve looks like a bell.
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gene pool
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the total genetic information available in a population.
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allele frequency
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determined by dividing the number of a certain allele by the total number of alleles of all types in the population.
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phenotype frequency
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is equal to the number of individuals with a particular phenotype divided by the total number of individuals in the population.
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Hardy-Weinberg genetic equilibrium
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allese frequencies in a population tend to remain the same from generation to generation unless acted on by outside influences.
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immigration
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the movement of individuals into a population.
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emigration
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the movement of individuals out of a population.
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gene flow
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the process of genes moving from one population to another.
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genetic drift
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the phenomenon by which allese frequencies in a population changes as a result of random events, or chance.
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assortative mating
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The selection of a mate based on similarity of characteristics
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stabilizing selection
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individuals with the average form of a trait have the highest fitness.
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directional selection
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individuals that display a more extreme form of a trait have a greater fitness than individuals with and average form of the trait.
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disruptive selection
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individuals with either extreme variation of a trait have greater fitness than individuals with the average form of the trait.
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sexual selection
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females choose the males they mate with based on certain traits.
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morphology
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the internal and external structure and appearance of an organism
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speciation
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the process of species formation. results in many related populations of organisms.
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biological species concept
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a species is a population of organisms that can successfully interbreed but can not breed with other groups.
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geographic isolation
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the physical separation of members of a population. canyons can form between members or a river or something.
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reproductive isolation
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results from barriers to successful breeding between population groups int eh same area.
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prezygotic isolation
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occurs before fertilization. (first type of reproductive isolation.)
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postzygotic isolation
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occurs after fertilization. (second type of reproductive isolation.)
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punctuated equilibrium
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a change occurred in a few thousand, rather then million years
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