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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Garrod
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-genes determine phenotype through the action of enzymes
-inherited diseases caused by inability to make cetain enzymes |
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auxotrophs
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organism that could not grow pnm the minimal medium that duffieced for wild-type mold
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one gene-one polypeptide hypothesis
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the function of agene is to contrtol production of a specific polypepetide
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RNA
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polypetide that is usually single stranded.
-ribose instead of deoxyribose -uracil replaces thymine |
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transcription
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the transfer of information from DNA to meessenger RNA(mRNA)
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translation
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transfers infromation from mRNA to a polpepetide, changing from the language of nucleotides to that of amino acids
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how does transcription occur in prokaryotes?
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- prokaryotes don't have a nucleus so transcription and translation occur simultaneously
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how does transcription occur in eukaryotes?
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mRNA must exit the nucleus before translation can occur
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RNA processing
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the modification of the primary transcript within the nucleus
- only occurs in eukaryotes |
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primary transcript
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pre-RNA
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triplet code
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sequence of three nucleotides that provide 64 possible sequences of nucleotides
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RNA polymerase
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separate the two stands of DNA and links RNA nucleotides that base-pair along the template strand to the 3' end of the growin RNA polymer
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transcription unit
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the sequence of DNA that is transcribed into one RNA molecule
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polymerase II
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type of RNA polymerase that synthesizes mRNA
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transcription factors
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proteiins that first bind to the promoter and aid RNA polmerase II in locating binding to this region
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terminator
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sequence that ends transcription
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introns
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long segments of nocoding base sequences that occur within the boundaries of eurkaryotoic gene
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exons
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remaining codon regions which are expressed in protein synthesis
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RMA splicing
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process of removing introns and adding exons before the pre-mRNA leaves the nucleus
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spliceosome
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snips and intorns out of the RNA treanscript and connect the adjoining exons
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ribozymes
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RNA molecules that act as enzymes
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