Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
accretionary wedge
|
A large mass of sediment that accumulates in subduction zones. Sediment is scraped from the subduction oceanic plate and accreted to the overriding crustal block
|
|
active continental margin
|
Usually narrow and consisting of highly deformed sediments. They occur where oceanic lithosphere is being subducted beneath the margin of a continent
|
|
anticline
|
A fold in sedimentary strata that resembles an arch
|
|
basin
|
A circular downfolded structure
|
|
brittle failure (brittle deformation)
|
Deformation that involves the fracturing of rock. Associated with rocks near the surface
|
|
deformation
|
General term for the processes of folding, faulting, shearing, compression, or extension of rocks as the result of various natural forces
|
|
dip-slip fault
|
A fault in which the movement is parallel to the dip of the fault
|
|
dome
|
A roughly circular upfolded structure
|
|
ductile deformation
|
A type of solid-state flow that produces a change in the size and shape of a rock body without fracturing. Occurs at depths where temperatures and confining pressures are high
|
|
fault
|
A break in a rock mass along which movement has occurred
|
|
fault-block mountains
|
A mountain formed by the displacement of rock along a fault
|
|
fault scarp
|
A cliff created by movement along a fault. It represents the exposed surface of the fault prior to modification by weathering and erosion
|
|
fold
|
A bent layer or series of layers that were originally horizontal and subsequently deformed
|
|
graben
|
A valley formed by the downward displacement of a fault-bounded block
|
|
gravitational collapse
|
The gradual subsidence of mountains caused by lateral spreading of weak material located deep within these structures
|
|
horst
|
An elongated, uplifted block of crust bounded by faults
|
|
isostasy
|
The concept that Earth's crust is floating in gravitational balance upon the material of the mantle
|
|
isostatic adjustment
|
The process of establishing a new level of gravitational equilibrium
|
|
joint
|
A fracture in rock along which there has been no movement
|
|
monocline
|
A one-limbed flexure in strata. the strata are usually flat lying or very gently dipping on both sides of this formation
|
|
normal fault
|
A fault in which the rock above the fault plane has moved down relative to the rock below.
|
|
orogenesis
|
The processes that collectively result in the formation of mountains
|
|
passive continental margin
|
A margin that consists of a continental shelf, continental slope, and continental rise. They are not associated with plate boundaries and therefore experience little volcanism and few earthquakes
|
|
reverse fault
|
A fault in which the material above the fault plane moves up in relation to the material below
|
|
strike-slip fault
|
A fault along which the movement is horizontal
|
|
syncline
|
A linear downfold in sedimentary strata; the opposite of anticline
|
|
terrane
|
A crustal block bounded by faults whose geologic history is distinct from the histories of adjoining crustal blocks
|
|
thrust fault
|
A low-angle reverse fault
|
|
transform fault
|
A major strike-slip fault that cuts through the lithosphere and accommodates motion between two plates.
|
|
Cascades
|
What is an example of a volcanic mountain range?
|
|
Tetons of Wyoming
|
What is an example of a fault-block mountain range?
|
|
Himalayas,Alps,Appalacians
|
What are three examples of complex mountains?
|
|
Folds, Faults, Metamorphism, and volcanism
|
What features often are included in complex mountains? (4)
|
|
continental margins due to plate convergence
|
Where do complex mountains form and why do they form?
|
|
Orogenic Belts
|
What is another name for complex mountains?
|
|
alutian islands and Japan
|
What are two examples of island arcs formed by oceanic-oceanic plate subduction?
|
|
Andes
|
What is an example of volcanic arcs formed by oceanic-continental plate subduction?
|
|
Himalayas
|
What is an example of a continent-continent plate collision?
|
|
collision between India and Asia
|
What is an example of a suture zone?
|
|
Western North America
|
Give an example of an accreted (exotic) terrane?
|