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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Cell theory rule #1 |
All living things are made up of one or more cells and their products |
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Cell theory rule #2 |
The cell is the simplest unit that can carry out all life processes |
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Cell theory rule #3 |
All current cells come from other cells come from other cells, they did not come from non-living matter |
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Difference between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes |
Prokaryotes do not contain a nucleus or membrane bound organelles |
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Cytoplasm |
Between the PM and Nucleus with a Jelly like material. Site of chemical reactions and helps things move around. |
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Plasma Membrane(PM) |
Outside the animal cell and inside plant walls with a double layer. Maintaining Homeostasis |
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Nucleus |
Spherical and within the cytoplasm. Holds DNA and the nucleolus. |
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Nucleolus |
A dark, usually spherical object within the nucleus. Makes Ribosomes |
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Ribosomes |
Small round dots made in the nucleolus within the cytoplasm. Make proteins |
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Mitochondria |
A jellybean shape inside the cytoplasm. Powerhouse of the cell which converts glucose and oxygen into ATP and makes water and CO2 as waste |
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Endoplasmic Reticulum |
A 3D network of tubes that starts at the PM and extends into the cytoplasm. Has ribosomes and is important for transport |
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Golgi Bodies |
Stack of Pancakes shaped within the cytoplasm. Makes mucus and packages and processes materials. |
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Lysosomes |
Spherical and within cytoplasm. Digest and Recycle cell parts. |
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Cell Wall(Plant Cell Only) |
Rigid, porous, and Outside of plant cells. Protection and Structural Support. |
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Large Vacuole(Plant Cell Only) |
Large and within the cytoplasm. Storage and Makes Cell Firm. |
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Chloroplasts(Plant Cell Only) |
Football Shaped within cytoplasm. Uses CO2, Water, and solar energy to Energy with Glucose and Oxygen as waste products. |
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Why can’t cells grow to large sizes? |
Because as a cell grows, it’s surface area to volume ratio decreases to the point where transport becomes inefficient. |
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Difference between sexual and asexual reproduction |
Sexual reproduction is between two organisms while Asexual reproduction can be done only with one |
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What are the 3 main reasons for cell division |
Reproduction, Growth and Repair |
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What are the three major stages of the cell cycle? |
Interphase, Mitosis and Cytokinesis |
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What are the stages of Mitosis |
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase and Telophase(PMAP) |
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What happens during Prophase? |
Strands of Chromatin condense into chromosomes. |
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What happens during Metaphase? |
The chromosomes line up in the centre of the cell, called the equator. |
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What happens during Anaphase? |
The chromosomes start separating from each other because spindle fibres are pulling them both to the poles of the cell. |
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What happens during Telophase? |
There are now two nuclei within one cell. |
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What happens during Cytokinesis? |
The cell divides as the PM pinches inward, there are now two genetically identical daughter cells. |
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What messages from proteins could cause cells to remain in interphase? |
Surrounding cells not wanting more division. Not enough nutrients DNA in nucleus has not duplicated DNA is damaged |
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What is Cancer? |
Cancer is when your cells decide to stop following the rules of the rest of your body |
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Why can cell division cause Cancer? |
Cell division creates the possibility of DNA mutations which create the possibility of cancer |
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What is a tumor? |
A tumor is created when cancer cells uncontrollably divide into a clump of many cells |
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Difference between malignant and benign tumors |
Malignant tumors try to spread throughout the entire body unlike benign tumors |
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Define Metastatis |
The spread of Cancer from the place where it first formed, to other parts of the body |
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Identify Causes of Cancer |
Alcohol, Tobacco, Asbestos, Age, Sunlight etc. |
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How should you reduce risk of Cancer? |
Don’t smoke or drink, exercise, and eat healthy. |
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What are some types of treatments of Cancer? |
Chemotherapy, Surgery, and Radiation Therapy. |