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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
phrenology
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theory that the bumps on your head determined characteristics and mental abilitis
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frans gall
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german physician; main proponet of phrenology
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biological psychologists
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finding links between behavior and neuroscience/biology
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neuron
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nerve cell, the basi building block of the nervous sys
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axon
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extension of the neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers- through which the actin ppotential is sent
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terminal buttons
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axon ending
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dendrite
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recieving messagews and conduct impulses- busy branching extensions
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synapse
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point of connection between dendrite and terminal buttons of an axon, thru which neural transmitters are sent
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myelin sheath
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fatty covering of the axon; insulating, protects, speeds up the sending of messages
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node of ranvier
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small gaps /absences of myelin sheath- makes the neural impulses jump -sends the message faster
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phrenology
|
theory that the bumps on your head determined characteristics and mental abilitis
|
|
frans gall
|
german physician; main proponet of phrenology
|
|
biological psychologists
|
finding links between behavior and neuroscience/biology
|
|
neuron
|
nerve cell, the basi building block of the nervous sys
|
|
axon
|
extension of the neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers- through which the actin ppotential is sent
|
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terminal buttons
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axon ending
|
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dendrite
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recieving messagews and conduct impulses- busy branching extensions
|
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synapse
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point of connection between dendrite and terminal buttons of an axon, thru which neural transmitters are sent
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myelin sheath
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fatty covering of the axon; insulating, protects, speeds up the sending of messages
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node of ranvier
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small gaps /absences of myelin sheath- makes the neural impulses jump -sends the message faster
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resting potential
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fluid interior is negative ions, fluid exterir- positve ions
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depolarization
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when ions travel thru the selectively permeable surface
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selective permeability
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only allow some things to travel thru its surface
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refractory period
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resting period where the ions polarize again
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threshold
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level of stimulation required to trigger a neural response
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-70 mv
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the charge of the resting potential
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neurotransmitters
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chemicals travelling across the synpatic gap
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reuptake
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sending neuron reabsorbs extra molecules
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acetylcholine (ACh)
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enables muscle action, learning and memory- malfunctions: alzheimers occurs when these neurons deteriorate
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endorphins
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body's natural morphine linked to pain control and pleasure- and natural opiate.
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soma
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cell body
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vesicle
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A membranous pouch within an axon terminal that stores and releases neurotransmitter
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serotonin
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neurotransmitter affecting mood, hunger, sleep and arousal. lack of serotonin = depression
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dopamine
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neurotransmitter affecting emotions, learning, movement, and attention; excess = schizophrenia; lack of = tremors, decreased mobility like parkinsons
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Parkinsons disease
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decreased mobility from lack of dopamine
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agonist
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excitatory; mimic or block reuptake of neurotransmitters
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antagonist
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inhibitory; block neutransmitters from being released
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nervous system
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bodys speedy electrochemical communication network
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central nervous system
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involves spinal cord +brain
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peripheral nervous system
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sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous sys to the body (glands/sense receptors/muscle)
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automatic nervous system
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control glands and muscles of internal organs; usually function autonomously
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somatic nervous system
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enables voluntary control of skeletal muscles
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sympathetic nervous system
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arouses -alarm, enragement
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parasympathetic nervous system
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calms
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sensory neurons
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afferent; incoming- connect sense receptors to the central nervous sys
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motor neurons
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efferent; carry OUTgoing information from central nervous sys to the muscles
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interneurons
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the neurons that interanlly communicate between sensory and motor neurons
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reflex
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simple/automatic response to a sensory stimulus
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neural network
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work groups of neuron clusters
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endocrine system
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bodys slow chemical communication system thru secretion of glands and hormones
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hormone
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chemical messenger produced in one tissue, affecting another
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hypothalmus
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brain region controling the pituitary gland
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pituitary gland
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regulates growth, controls alll other endocrine glands
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thyroid
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affects metabolism
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parathyroids
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regulate the level of calcium in the blood
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adrenal glands
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ontop of the kidneys- release epinephrine and norepinephrine (adrenaline)
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pancreas
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regulates blood sugar levels
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gonads
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reproductive gland- ovary or testes
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testes
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male reprod gland
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ovaries
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female reproductive gland
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epinephrine/norepinephrine
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control alertness and arousal; lack of- depresses mood; secreted by adrenal glands
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androgens
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A steroid hormone, such as testosterone or androsterone, that controls the development and maintenance of masculine characteristics
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testosterone
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A "male hormone" -- a sex hormone produced by the testes
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estrogen
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Estrogen is a female hormone produced by the ovaries
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progesterone
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A female hormone prepares the lining of the uterus to receive and sustain the fertilized egg and so permits pregnancy
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brainstem
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oldest an most central part of the brain. responsiblefor automatic survival instincts
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medulla
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swellin point of brainstem- responsiblefor breathing blood pressure and heartbeat
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reticular formation RAS
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midbrain, netlike nerve network in brainstem, plays role in arousal, and focus
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fissures
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wrinkly part of the cerebral cortex
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thalamus
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brains sensory switchboard; records all senses except smell. directs messages and transmits replies
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fissures
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wrinkly part of the cerebral cortex
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cerebellum
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little brain. processes sensory input and coordinating mvement out put and balance. judge time, modulate emotions, discriminate sounds and textures
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medulla
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swellin point of brainstem- responsiblefor breathing blood pressure and heartbeat
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thalamus
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brains sensory switchboard; records all senses except smell. directs messages and transmits replies
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