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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Name the 6 MOI's that affect the spinal column
|
1-flexion
2-extension 3-rotation 4-lateral bending 5- axial loading 6- axial distraction p1001W |
|
Hyperextension/hyperflexion bends the spine forcibly in which part(s) of the spine
|
Cervical and/or lumbar
p. 1003 |
|
Excessive rotation may occur in which 2 parts of the spine
|
cervical or lumbar
p. 1003 |
|
T or F
The forces necessary to induce injury from lateral bending are generally less than those needed to cause flexion/hyperextension injury. |
True
p 1003 |
|
What are the most common sites of axial loading injuries
|
between T-12 and L-2 (for lifitng and heel first falls)
cervical region (for head impacts) p1003 |
|
T or F
The upper cervical region is the most commonly affected MOI of distraction |
True
p1003 |
|
The cervical region accounts for over half of all spinal injuries, with the ___ joint being most frequently involved
|
atlas/axis (C1-C2)
p1004 |
|
The lumbosacral area (L-5/S-1) is injured because the _____ immobilizes the sacral spine
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Pelvis
p1005 |
|
The spinal cord ends at the ____ region
|
L-1/L-2 region
p1005 |
|
Name the 6 different types of Primary/Secondary spinal cord injuries
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1-Concussion
2-Contusion 3- Compression 4- Laceration 5-Hemorrhage 6- Transection |
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Transection injuries beginning below the thoracic spine include______ and _____
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Incontinence and paraplegia
p1005 |
|
Transection injuries to the cervical spine cause?
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quadriplegia, incontinence, and partial or complete respiratory paralysis
p 1005 |
|
3 types of incomplete spinal cord transections
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1- Anterior cord syndrome- bony fragments or pressure compressing on arteries of spine(sensation to pain and temp below injury site)
2- Central cord syndrome- hyperextension of cervical spine (upper extremities and possible bladder dysfunction) 3- Brown Sequard syndrome- partial cutting of one side of spinal cord p1005 |
|
____ is a temp form of neurogenic shock, presents signs of hypotension, bradycardia
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Spinal shock
P1006 |
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Signs and symptons of neurogenic shock
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Bradycardia, hypotension, shocklike symptons above injury
Warm, dry, flushed skin below the injury p1006 |
|
The most obvious sign between nerve root injury and spinal cord injury is
|
The size of region affected
p1007 |
|
T or F
Helmets reduce the likelihood of head injury but neither increase nor decrease the likelihood of neck injury |
True
P1008 |
|
To have an altered level of consciousness your GCS must be below?
|
15
p1008 |
|
Does a C-collar prevent flexion/extension, rotation, or lateral bending?
|
No it does not
P1009 |
|
If advanced airway procedures are indicated, consider _____ w/ spinal precautions or ____ intubation
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orotracheal intubation or digital intubation
p 1009 |
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Unopposed parasympathetic stimulation or disruption of the sympathetic pathways during a cervical spine injury can produce ____
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Priapism
P1012 |
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Name the signs that could possibly indicate a possible spinal cord injury (B/P, HR, Resp)
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Low B/P
Slow Heart Rate Absent, diaphragmatic, or shallow respirations p 1012 |
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Name the 4 contraindications to moving a pt to a neutral in-line position
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1-noticeable increase in pain
2-meet resistance when moving 3-increase in neurological signs when moving head 4- spine is grossly deformed p1015 |
|
If possible, never move a pt ____ before you complete mechanical immobilization
|
twice
p1015 |
|
T or F
A cervical collar by itself mobilizes the head |
False
it does not immobilize the head P1018 |
|
Name the 6 conditions that a helmet must be removed involving c-spine injuries
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1- does not immobilize head w/in
2-can't secure helmet to spine board 3-prevents airway care 4-prevents assessment of anticipated injuries 5-airway or breathing problems 6-removal will not cause further injury p1019-1020 |
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Name 6 moving techniques suitable for moving spinal injury pts
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1- log roll
2- straddle slide 3-rope-sling slide 4-orthopedic stretcher (scoop stretcher) 5- Vest-type device/short spine board 6- rapid extrication p1020-1023 |
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The primary design for pts with spine injuries?
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Lond spine board
p1024 |
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Immobilize the adult pt to spine board w/ the head elevated ___ to ___ inches and ___ slightly flexed
|
1-2 inches, knees
p 1025 |
|
What medication is no longer recommended for spinal injury
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Steriods
p1026 |
|
The loss of sympathetic control leads to what in regards to shock? (5 things)
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*Relaxation of blood vessels(vasodilation)
*inability to increase HR *relative hypovolemia *low B/P *Normal or Bradycardia rate p1026 |
|
What is the initial treatment for hypovolemia from neurogenic shock
|
Fluid challenge with Lactated Ringer's or Normal Saline
p1027 |
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What 2 drugs are recommended for neurogenic shock?
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Dopamine-causes release of norepinepherine, increase in cardiac contractility
Atropine-blocks parasympathetic impulse to slow heart rate p1027 |
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What are some meds to use for a combative pt with spinal injury?
|
Fentanyl
Morphine Diazepam Midazolam p1027 |