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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
11. A major biological paradox is that genes are generally highly conserved and yet |
B. there is so much diversity among life forms existing today. |
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12. Genes with similar sequences in two different species, such as humans and mice |
B. may produce products that have slightly to dramatically different functions. |
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13. The development of eyes has been intensively studied. Eyes of vertebrates and insects are |
A. analogous (homoplastic), not homologous, yet the same Pax6 gene initiates development. |
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14. Regarding genome sequences and organismal development, it is important to remember that |
E. changing the timing of gene expression can have dramatic changes in development. |
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15. The evolution of patterns on insect wings can be affected by all of the following functions except |
E. aesthetics. |
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16. One of the reasons why the model systems of yeast, Arabidopsis, nematode worms, fruit flies, and mice are so often used to study functional analysis of genes is because |
C. they have short life cycles. |
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17. Eyes in mammals and _____________ are examples of convergent evolution. |
B. compound eyes in fruit flies |
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18. Eyes in different animal groups arose independently many times, |
A. and the genes triggering lens formation in these different groups are homologous. |
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19. The Pax6 gene, responsible for initiating lens formation in mice, can be inserted into fruit flies and |
D. can be expressed to initiate formation of an eye on the fruit fly's leg. |
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20. Experiments with ribbon worms and planaria have shown that |
C. the DNA of each is sufficiently similar that they can be hybridized in a lab setting. |
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22. Experimental mutations in the timing of Hox expression cause lab mice to develop deformed limbs. This is an example of |
C. heterochrony. |
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24. The evolution of initiation of limb development in tetrapods is best explained by |
B. the modification of an existing gene for a new function. |
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25. Unlike most rodents, capybaras typically have a very small tail or no tail. A possible explanation for this observation is |
B. capybaras have a nonfunctional Brachyury gene. |
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26. The evolution of development of snout-length in cichlid fish is best explained by |
A. a single gene mutation. |
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27. The evolution of insect wing patterns is best explained by |
C. homoplastic convergence. |
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28. The evolution of flower symmetry is best explained by |
C. homoplastic convergence. |
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29. The evolution of petals through the AP3 gene is best explained by |
D. gene duplication and divergence. |
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30. The evolution of cauliflower and broccoli from wild cabbage is best explained by |
A. a single gene mutation. |
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If the stop codon in CAL evolved in the cauliflower lineage after broccoli and cauliflower had diverged from each other, it would be expected that (Note the phylogeny is drawn with diagonal branches rather than the rectangular branches seen in the text.)
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C. broccoli would develop flowers normally, and cauliflower flowers would be arrested as buds. |
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32. Salamanders normally go through a juvenile stage in which they have external gills. Most salamanders lose these gills when they develop into adults, but axolotl salamanders retain gills into adulthood by suppressing gill development. This is an example of |
D. heterochrony. |
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37. AGAMOUS is a gene that has been implicated in the regulation of stamen formation in Arabidopsis flowers. If this is true, a mutant with a functional AP3 gene but a nonfunctional AGAMOUS gene would |
A. produce petals but not stamens. |
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39. Choose the functional gene experiment best demonstrating that the LFY gene is important in Arabidopsis flower production. |
D. Delete LFY from the plant to create a mutant that produces deformed flowers. Reinsert the LFY sequence into the mutant, which will now produce normal flowers. |
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40. A scientist studying Astyanax mexicanus fish in the wild observes two seeing fish that produce an offspring without eyes. The best explanation for this observation is |
D. a mutation led to a decrease in Pax6 expression in this fish. |
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42. If the Pax6 gene in a ribbon worm was replaced with planaria Pax6, then the ribbon worm would |
A. not regenerate eyespots, because Pax6 does not function in eyespot regeneration in planaria. |
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A mutation in the transcription factor protein shown, protein T, disrupts the function of its DNA-binding motif. The most likely result of this mutation would be that |
A. protein T can no longer directly interact with DNA, but it can still regulate gene expression through a second transcription factor. |
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50. In order to test if the TLE gene is important in planaria tail regeneration, scientists cut a planaria in half longitudinally and blocked expression of TLE in the left half and allowed TLE expression in the right half. Which result would support that TLE is required for tail regeneration in planaria? |
C. The right half regenerates the tail, and the left half does not. |