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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
define: saturation vapor pressure (SVP) |
The maximum amount of water vapor that the air can hold. |
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A simple formula for calculating relative humidity is? |
RH=VP/SVP*100 |
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The temperature at which relative humidity becomes 100% is called the __________ |
dew point |
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atmospheric stability |
helps determine whether clouds will be deep and produce rain (or other precipitation), or thin, or simple not form at all. |
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If air tends to rise easily, the atmosphere is said to be ________, and ________ and _________ are likely to form
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1. Unstable 2. Deep Clouds 3. precipitation |
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If air tends to resist rising, the atmosphere is said to be ______, which usually results in _____ and ________.
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1. stable 2. clear skies 3. dry weather |
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Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rate (DALR) |
Refers to the rate at which a riding parcel of air cools (typically per kilometer) |
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Anything that increases the ELR also promotes ___________ conditions
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unstable |
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ELR is caused by both ______ the surface (like on a hot, sunny day) and ______ the upper atmosphere (like radiative cooling of cloud tops).
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1. warming 2. cooling |
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Phenomena that ____ the surface (like a cool ocean current) and ____ the upper atmosphere (like a temperature inversion) promote ____ conditions
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1. cool 2. heat 3. stable |
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CCNs stands for |
cloud condensation nuclei |
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The atmosphere always contains these tiny particles: |
sea salt, pollen, dust, pollutants, volcanic ash, and dozens of compounds in smoke. |
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Raindrops form by ______ and ______ |
collision and coalescence |
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Relative Humidity is usually highest |
at the coldest time of day |
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clouds form when air ________ and water vapor ______. |
cools, condenses |
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how do snowflakes grow? |
water evaporates from water droplets and condenses (sublimates) onto ice crystals |
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how does an advection fog form? |
warm, most air moves over cold water |
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if the sky is overcast with deep clouds, what atmospheric condition are likely? |
unstable and rising air |
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a given parcel of air at 20 degrees C has a vapor pressure of 8mb, saturation vapor pressure of 24 mb, and a relatie humidity of 33%. The air cools to 10 degrees C, where the relative humidity becomes 100%. What is the dew point? |
10 degrees C |
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How can Kilauea volcano reduce the rainfall in South Kona |
volcanic CCN's cause more, nut smaller, cloud droplets |
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water continuously enters the atmosphere by evaporation. Why doesn't it remain there? |
because there is a maximum amount of water vapor the air can hold |
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why does a blow drier cause hair to dry so quickly? |
it increases the wind speed and lowers the humidity of the air |
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which of the following would promote stable conditions? |
very cold air moving over a surface |
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why does a flat cloud deck form over the Hawaiian Islands at around 7000 feet altitude? |
the temperature inversion limits the height clouds can rise
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relative humidity will increase if air temperature _________ or the vapor pressure of the air ___________. |
decreases, increases |
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If the vapor pressure is 2mb and the saturation vapor pressure is 10mb, what is the relative humidity. |
20% |
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which of the following be a continuous layer of mixed water and ice clouds with bases forming at mid-altitude (2 to 6 km) |
altostratus |
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over land, most water vapor enters the atmosphere by _________ from __________. |
transipiration, plant stomata |
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when water condesnes, it _______ heat energy and _________ the surrounding air. |
releases, heats |
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what is a rainshadow
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dry areas leeward of mountains |
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What is a major difference between tropical cyclones (hurricanes) and midlatitude cyclones? |
one has fronts, the other doesn't |
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when viewing a weather satellite image of Earth, you see a continuous band of clouds stretching east-west along the equator. You conclude that this is __________ .
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the intertropical convergence zone
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If a migratory low pressure center moves from the west to east north of the Hawaiian Islands, how will the winds change?
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first southerly, then westerly, then northerly
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Where is the term "typhoon" commonly used?
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West Pacific |
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which of the following best describes the weather AFTER a cold front has passed?
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clearing skies, increasing pressure, winds from the north
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Strong winds from the north-northeast at 30mph, mostly cloudy, with frequent rain showers and drizzle over leeward areas all day long. This describes what weather pattern in Hawaii?
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wet trades |
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A common configuration of warm and cold fronts in the northern hemisphere is
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warm front to the east of the low, cold front to the south and west of the low |
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An mT air mass would most likely form over
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the tropical pacific |
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Why are occluded fronts the end stage of the front lifecycle
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the temperature contrast disappears, so no front exists |
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winds light and variable, mostly from the southwest, mostly clear, high humidity and muggy conditions, sea breezes in some areas and hazy skies. This describes what weather pattern?
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Kona Weather
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As a warm front passes, the weather changes from _____ before the front, to ______ as it passes, to ________ after it passes.
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Cool, overcast with possible rain, warmer |
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northerly |
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on sunny days, an open field of soil will become much hotter than surrounding fields covered with crops. This can cause air to rise and form clouds. This is an example of ________.
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convective lifting |
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It appears that a cP air mass will be moving over your location soon, you can predict that the weather will become _____ and _____. |
cool, dry |
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Why do hurricanes seldom strike the Hawaiian Islands? |
because the wind shear is common |
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Over O'ahu, the maximum rainfall is about _____ times greater than the minimum rainfall. |
10 |
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How can deforestation cause rivers to dry up? |
groundwater aquifiers bcome smaller due to less recharge |
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which of the following is true of the Earth's oceans? |
In recent geologic time, the salinity and volume of the oceans are neither increasing nor decreasing |
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On O'ahu, the dominant soil Order of the windward side is ___________ while the dominant soil Order of central O'ahu is _________. |
Ultisol and Oxisol |
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Eluviation from the A horizon tends to |
lose materials by leaching |
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How can streams continue to flow all year long even when it doesn't rain? |
groundwater flows into them |
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which of the following shows the correct ranking of FRESH water reservoirs, from largest to smallest? |
Ice, groundwater, lakes, streams |
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which of the following gets the majority of tits fresh water from groundwater sources? |
Oahu |
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why are skimming galleries often drilled at the bottom of wells in Hawaii? |
to extract the freshest water and reduce saltwater intrusion |
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which of the following is a simplified soil water balance equation? |
precipitation+irrigation=evaporation +runoff |
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which would increase surface runoff and erosion? |
decreasing the soil infiltration rate |
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why were norfolk island pines planted on the highest point of Lanai? |
to catch cloud water |
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what is the soil texture order, from largest particles to smallest particles? |
sand, silt, clay |
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what soil order is represented by ash deposits in Hawaii? |
inceptisol |
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why are soil colloids important to soil fertility? |
they hold nutrients in the soil |