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144 Cards in this Set
- Front
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is the study of the human body structures that can be seen with the naked eye and how the body parts are organized.
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Anatomy
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is the study of the functions and activities performed by the body's structures
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Physiology
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also known as microscopic anatomy, is the study of tiny structures found in living tissues.
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Histiology
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are the basic units of all living things
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Cells
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the cells of all living things are composed of a substance called
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Protoplasm
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the dense, active protoplasm found in the center of the cell
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nucleus
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is the protoplasm of a cell, except for the protoplasm in the nucleus, that surrounds the nucleus; it is the watery fluid that cells need for growth, reproduction, to enter and leave the cell
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cytoplasm
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is the cell part that encloses the protoplasm and permits soluble substances to enter and leave the cell.
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cell membrane
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is the usual process of cell reproduction of human tissues that occurs when the cell divide into two identical cells called daughter cells
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mitosis
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a chemical process that takes place in a living organisms, through which the cells are nourished and carry out their activities.
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Metabolism
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is the phase of metabolism that involves the breaking down of complex compounds within the cells into smaller ones.
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Catabolism
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is the constructive metabolism, the process of building up large molecules from smaller ones.
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Anabolism
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is the fibrous tissue that binds together, protects, and supports the various parts of the body.
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connective tissue
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a technical term for fat
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tissue
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is a protective covering on the body surfaces, such as skin, mucous membranes, the tissue inside the lining of the mouth, lining of the heart, digestive, and respiratory organs, and the glands.
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Epithelial tissue
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contracts and moves various parts of the body
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Muscle tissue
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carries messages to and from the brain and controls and contributes all bodily functions. is composed of special cells known as neurons.
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nerve tissue
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are structures of specialized tissues designed to perform functions in plants and animals
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organs
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forms the physical foundation of the body and is composed of 206 bones that vary in size and shape and are connected by movable and immovable joints
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skeletal system
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is the study of the anatomy, structure, and function of the bones
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osteology
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bones of the cranium
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Occipital,Parietal, Frontal,Temporal,Ethmoid, and Sphenoid bone.
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Occipital bone
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hindmost bone of the skull, below the parietal bones; forms the back of the skull above.
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bones that form the sides and top of the cranium. there are two of these.
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parietal bones
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bones that forms the forehead
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frontal bone
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bones that form the sides of the head in the ear region.
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Temporal bone
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light spongy bone between the eye socket; forms part of the nasal cavities.
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Ethmoid Bone
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bone that joins all of the bones of the cranium together
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Sphenoid bone
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Bones of the face
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Nasal,Lacrimal,Zygomatic,Maxillae,and,Mandible.
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bones that form the bridge of the nose
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Nasal bone
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small, thin bones located at the front inner wall of the orbits (eye socket).
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Lacrimal bones
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also known as malar bones or cheekbones. bones that form the prominence of the cheeks.
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Zygomatic bones
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bones of the upper jaw
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maxillae
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lower jawbone. largest and strongest bone of the face
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Mandible
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bones of the neck
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Hyoid bone,and cervical vertebrae
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u-shaped bone at the base of the tongue that supports the tongue and its muscles
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Hyoid bones
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the seven bones of the top part of the vertebral column, located in the neck region.
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cervical vertebrae
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twelve pairs of bones forming the wall of the thorax
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ribs
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also known as shoulder blade, large, flat, triangular bone of the shoulder
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scapula
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also known as the breastbone. Flat bone that form the ventral(front) support of the ribs
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sternum
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also known as collarbone. bone that joins the sternum and scapula.
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clavicle
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uppermost and largest bones in the arm, extending from the elbow from the elbow to the shoulder.
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Humerus
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inner and larger bone in the forearm (lower arm),
attached to the wrist and located on the side of the little finger |
ulna
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also known as the wrist, flexible joint composed of a group of eight small, irregular bones (carpals) held together by ligaments.
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carpus
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also known as digits, bones of the fingers and toes
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Phalanges
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heavy long bone that forms the leg above the knee
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Femur
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larger of the two bones that form the leg below the knee.
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Tibia
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smaller of the two bones that form the leg below the knee.
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fibula
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also known as accessory bone or kneecap. forms the kneecap joint
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patella
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also known as ankle bone. third bone of the ankle joint.
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Talus
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there are seven of these bones talus, calcaneus(heel), navicular,three cuneiform bones, and the cuboid.
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Tarsal
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long and slender bones, similar to the metacarpal bones of the hand. there are five of these bones
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metatarsal
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study of the nature, structure,function, and diseases of the muscles.
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Myology
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also known as skeletal muscles. muscles that are attached to the bones and are voluntary or are consciously controlled.
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striated muscles
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also known as smooth muscles. muscles that are involuntary and functional automatically, without conscious will.
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non striated muscles
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involuntary muscle that is the heart.
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cardiac muscle
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the part of the muscle that does not move and is attached closest to the skeleton
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origin
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the middle part of the muscle
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belly
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the part of the muscle that moves and is farthest from the skeleton
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insertion
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also know as occipitofrontalis. broad muscle that covers the top of the skull and consist of the oddipitalis and frontalis
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Epicranius
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back (posterior) portion of the epicranius; the muscle that draws the scalp backward
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occipitalis
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muscle of the neck that lowers and rotates the head
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sternocleidomastoideus
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broad muscle extending from the chest and shoulder muscles to the side of the chin; responsible for lowering the lower jaw and lip.
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platysma muscle
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ring muscle of the eye socket; enables you to close your eyes.
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orbicularis oculi muscle
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muscle located beneath the frontalis and orbicularis oculi muscle that draws the eyebrow down and winkles the forehead vertically
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corregator muscle
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muscle that covers the back of the neck and the upper and middle region of the back; rotates and controls swinging movements of the arm
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trapezius
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muscle that produces the contour of the front and inner side of the upper arm; lifts the forearm and flexes the elbow
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bicep
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large, triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint that allows the arm to extend outward and to the side of the body
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deltoid
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large muscle that covers the entire back of the upper arm and extends the forearm.
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tricep
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muscle that straighten the wrist, hand, and fingers to form a straight line
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exentors
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extensor muscle of the wrist involved in flexing the wrist
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flexor
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muscle that turns the hand inward so that the palms face downward
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pronator
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muscles that draw a body part, such as a finger, arm, or toe, away from the mid-line of the body or of an extremity. in the hand, they separate the fingers.
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abductors
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is an exceptionally well-organized body system, composed of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves, that is responsible for controlling and coordinating all other systems of the body and makes them work harmoniously and efficiently.
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nervous system
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consist of the brain, spinal cord, spinal nerves,and cranial nerves. it controls controls consciousness and many mental activities, voluntary functions of the five senses (seeing, hearing, smelling, and tasting)
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central nervous system (CNS)
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is a system of nerves that connects the peripheral parts of the body to the central nervous system; it has both sensory and motor nerves
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peripheral nervous system (PNS)
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is the part of the nervous system that controls the involuntary muscles; it regulates the action of the smooth muscle.
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autonomic nervous system (ANS)
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is the part of the central nervous system contained in the cranium.
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brain
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also know as nerve cell, is the primary structural unit of the nervous system, consisting of all the cell body ,nucleus, dendrites, and the axon.
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neuron
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is an automatic reaction to a stimulus that involves the movement of an impulse .
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reflex
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the largest of the cranial nerves is the______________________. it is the chief sensory nerve of the face and serves as the motor nerve of the muscles that control chewing. it consist of three branches: Ophthalmic nerve, Mandibular nerve, and maxillary nerve.
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fifth cranial nerve
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supplies impulses to the skin of the forehead, upper eyelids, and interior portion of the scalp, orbit, eyeball, and nasal passage.
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ophthalmic Nerve
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Affects the muscles of the chin, lower lip, and external ear.
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Mandibular Nerve
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supplies impulses to the upper part of the face.
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Maxillary Nerve
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also known as Facial Nerve, is the chief motor nerve of the face.
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Seventh Cranial Nerve
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also know as anterior tibial nerve. extends down the front of the leg, behind the muscles.
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Deep peroneal nerve
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also known as musculocutaneous nerve. extends down the leg, just under the skin, supplying impulses to the muscles and the skin of the leg, as well as to the skin and toes on the top pf the foot, where it becomes the dorsal nerve
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superficial peroneal nerve
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also know as dorsal cutaneous nerve, the nerve extends up from the toes and foot, , just under the skin, supplying impulses to the toes and foot, as well as the muscle and skin of the leg
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dorsal nerve
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supplies impulses to the skin of the inner side of the leg and foot. the ______________ ___________ begins in the thigh.
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Saphenous nerve
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supplies impulses to the skin on the outer side and back of the foot and leg
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Sural nerve
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is an upper, thin-walled chamber through which blood is pumped to the ventricles. there is a right ________and a left__________
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Atrium
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is a lower, thick-walled chamber that receives blood from the atrium. there is a right, and a left __________.
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ventricle
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send the blood from the heart to the lungs to be purified, then to the heart again
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pulmonary circulation
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also known as general circulation. carries the blood from the heart throughout the body and back to the heart
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Systemic Circulation
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also known as cardiovascular system or vascular system, controls the steady circulation of the blood through the body by means of the heart and blood vessels
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circulatory system
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is a muscular, cone shaped organ that keeps the blood moving within the circulatory system.
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heart
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a valve between the right atrium and right ventricle of the heart, into the right ventricle
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tricuspid valve
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also known as the bicuspid valve, the between the valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle of the heart, into the left ventricle
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mitral valve
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are tube-like structures that include the arteries,arterioles, venules, and veins. the function of these vessels is to transport blood to and from the heart and then to various tissues of the body.
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blood vessels
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thick-walled, muscular, flexible tubes that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the arterioles.
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Arteries
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small arteries that deliver blood to capillaries
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arterioles
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tiny, thin-walled blood vessels that connect the smaller arteries to venules
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Capillaries
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small vessels that connect the capillaries to the viens
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Venules
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thin-walled blood vessels that are less elastic than arteries.
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vieins
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carry oxygen from the lungs to the body cells and transport carbon dioxide from the cells back to the lungs.
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red blood cells
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a complex iron protein that binds to oxygen. it gives blood color.
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hemoglobin
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are the main arteries that supply blood to the head, face,and neck. they are located on both sides of the neck, and each artery is divided into an internal and external branch.
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common carotid arteries
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supplies blood to the brain , eyes, eyelids, foreheads, nose , and internal ear.
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internal carotid artery
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supplies blood to the upper eyelid and forehead.
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supraorbital artery
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supplies blood to the muscle of the eye.
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infraorbital artery
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supplies blood to the lower region of the face, mouth, and nose.
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facial artery
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supplies blood to the chin and lower lip
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submental artery
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supplies blood to the lower lip
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inferior labial artery
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supplies blood to the side of the nose
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angular artery
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supplies blood to the upper lip and region of the nose
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superior labial artery
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supplies blood to the forehead and upper eyelids
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frontal artery
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supplies blood the side and crown of the head
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parietal artery
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supplies blood to the skin and masseter muscle
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transverse facial artery
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supplies blood to the temples
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middle temporal artery
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supplies blood to the front part of the ear
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anterior auricular artery
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supplies blood to the skin and muscles of the scalp and back of the head up to the crown
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Occipital artery
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supplies blood to the little finger side of the arm and palm of the hand
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ulnar artery
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supplies blood to the thumb side of the arm and the back of the hand
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radial artery
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is a group of specialized glands that affect the growth, development, sexual functions, and health of the entire body.
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endocrine system
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also known as ductless glands , such as the thyroid and pituitary glands, release hormonal secretions directly into the bloodstream
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endocrine glans
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also known as duct glands, such as sweat and oil glands of the skin, produce a substance that travels through small, tube-like ducts
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Exocrine glands
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are secretions, such as insulin, adrenaline, and estrogen.
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Hormones
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plays a major role in sexual development, sleep, and metabolism.
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Pineal glands
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most complex organ of the endocrine system.
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pituitary glands
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controls how quickly the body burns energy (metabolism), makes proteins, and how sensitive the body should be to other hormones .
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thyroid gland
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regulates blood calcium and phosphorus levels so that the nervous and muscular systems can function properly.
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parathyroid glands
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secretes enzyme-producing cells that are responsible for digestive carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
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Pancreas
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secretes about 30 steroid hormones and control metabolic processes of the body, including the fight-or-flight response
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Adrenal Glands
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(singular: ovary) Female sexual glands; function in reproduction, as well as determining female sexual characteristics.
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overies
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Male sexual glands; function in reproduction, as well as determining male sexual characteristics.
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testes
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are chemicals that change certain types of food into a soluble (capable of being dissolved) from that can be used by the body.
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digestive enzymes
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is a group of organs, including the kidneys, liver, skin, large intestine, and lungs.
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excretory system
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consist of the lungs and air passages; it enables respiration.
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respiratory system
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the act the of breathing, is exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the lungs and within each cell
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respiration
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are spongy tissues composed of microscope cells in which inhaled air is exchanged for carbon dioxide during one breathing cycle.
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lungs
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means a natural covering
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integument
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consist the skin and its accessory organs, such as oil, sweat glands, sensory, receptors, hair, and nails.
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Integumentary System
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includes the ovaries, uterine, tubes, uterus, and vagina in the female and the testes, prostate gland, penis, and urethra in the male.
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reproductive system
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or breathing in through the nose or mouth, oxygen is passed into the blood.
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inhalation
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or breathing outward, carbon dioxide (collecting from the blood) is expelled from the the lungs.
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Exhalation
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