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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
1. Social Stratification |
Hierarchical differences and inequalities in economic positions, as well as in other important areas, especially political power and status or social honor.
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2. Social Class
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One’s economic position in the stratification system, especially one’s occupation, which strongly determines and reflects one’s income and wealth.
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3. Power
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The ability to get others to do what you want them to do, even if it is against their will.
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4. Status Consistency
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The occupation of similar positions in the stratification system across the dimensions of class, status, and power; people with status consistency rank high, medium, or low on all three dimensions.
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5. Status Inconsistency
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The occupation of different positions on different dimensions of the stratification system.
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6. Inequality
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The fact that some positions in society yield a great deal of money, status, and power while others yield little, if any, of these.
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7. Symbolic Exchange
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A process whereby people swap all sorts of things in a setting where the process of exchange is valued in itself and for the human relationships involved and not because of the economic gains- the money- that may be derived from it.
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8. Income
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The amount of money a person earns in a given year from a job, a business, or various types of assets and investments.
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9. Wealth
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The total amount of a person’s assets less the total of various kinds of debts.
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10. Absolute Poverty
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An absolute measure- such as the U.S. poverty line- that makes it clear what level of income people need in order to survive.
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11. Relative Poverty
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The state of being or feeling to be, irrespective of income, poor relative to others.
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12. Poverty Line
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The threshold, in terms of income, below which a household is considered poor.
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13. Social Mobility
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The ability or inability to change one’s position in the social hierarchy.
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14. Vertical Mobility
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Both upward and downward mobility.
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15. Horizontal Mobility
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Movement within one’s social class.
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16. Intergenerational Mobility
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The difference between the parents’ social class position and the position achieved by their child(ren).
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17. Intragenerational Mobility
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Movement up or down the stratification system in one’s lifetime.
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18. Occupational Mobility
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Changes in people’s work, either across or within generations.
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19. Structural Mobility
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The effect of changes in the larger society on the position of individuals in the stratification system, especially the occupational structure.
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20. Achievement
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The accomplishments, or the merit, of the individual.
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21. Ascription
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Being born with or inheriting certain characteristics (wealth, high status, etc.)
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22. Caste
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The most rigid and most closed system of stratification, usually associated with India.
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23. Slavery
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A system in which people are defined as property, involuntarily place in perpetual servitude, and not given the same rights as the rest of society.
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24. Theories of Colonialism
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Systems of thought that address the causes and consequences of a powerful nation-state’s control of a less powerful geographic area.
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25. Colonialism
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A method of gaining control over another country or geographical area; generally involves settlers, as well as formal mechanisms of control.
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26. Imperialism
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Control over geographic areas without the creation of colonies.
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27. Postcolonialism
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The era in once-colonized areas after the colonizing power has departed, although postcolonial thinking and work could already be well under way before the colonizing power departs.
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28. World System Theory
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A system of thought that focuses on the stratification of nation-states on a global scale.
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29. Distinction
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The need to distinguish oneself from others. |