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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
epimysium
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surrounds the whole muscle and is made of dense irregular connective tissue
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muscle fibers
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elongated muscle cells
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myo or mys
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root word meaning muscle in reference to muscle
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sarco
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root word meaning flesh in reference to muscle
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skeletal muscle tissue
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Muscle composed of cylindrical multinucleate cells with obvious striations; the muscle(s) attached to the body's skeleton; voluntary muscle. responsible for mobility
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smooth muscle
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Spindle-shaped cells with one centrally located nucleus and no externally visible striations (bands). Found mainly in the walls of hollow organs. involuntary muscle. moves fluids and substances
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cardiac muscle
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specialized muscle of the heart striated involuntary contractions controlled by the brain
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voluntary muscle
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muscle under strict nervous control; skeletal muscle
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involuntary muscle
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Muscle that cannot ordinarily be controlled voluntarily (e.g., smooth and cardiac muscle).
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Excitability (irritability or responsiveness)
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Ability to respond to stimuli.
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Contractility
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Muscle cell’s ability to move by shortening.
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connective tissue sheaths
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what muscle fibers are wrapped in and held together by. they support and reinforce the muscle
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epimysium
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sheath of dense irregular fibrous connective tissue surrounding the whole muscle
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perimysium
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sheath of fibrous connective tissue enveloping bundles of muscle fibers called fascicles
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fascicles
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Bundle of nerve or muscle fibers bound together by connective tissue
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endomysium
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sheath of connective tissue surrounding each muscle cell. fine areolar connective tissue
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insertion attachment
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movable attachment of muscle
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origin attachment
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Attachment of a muscle that remains relatively fixed during muscular contraction.
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direct attachment
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fused connection between epimysium of muscle to periostium of bon
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indirect attachment
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epimysium of muscle extends in ropelike tendon or sheetlike aponeurosis both anchor muscle to bone or other muscles
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tendon
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Cord of dense fibrous tissue attaching muscle to bone
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Sarcolemma
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The plasma membrane surface of a muscle fiber
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Sarcoplams
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The nonfibrillar cytoplasm of a muscle fiber.
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Glycosomes
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Granules of stored glycogen that provide glucosed during periods of muscle cell activity
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Myoglobin
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A red pigment that stores oxygen
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Myofibrils
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Rodlike bundle of contractile filaments hat occupy most of the muscle fiber (cell) volume
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Striations
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series of dark and light bands along the length of the myofibril
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A Bands
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Dark bands in the striations of the myofibril. They have a light midsecton called HZone w/ darker M Lines. Thick filaments span its width
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I Bands
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Light bands in the striations of the myofibril. They are interrupted by Z discs in the middle. Thin filaments span I Band and are partway in A Band also.
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H Zone
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Lighter region in the midsection of A Band
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M Lines
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Vertically bisecting dark lines of the H Zone formed by molecules of the protein myomesin. hold adjjacent thick filaments together
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Z Discs
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Midline intterruption of the I Band that anchors thin filaments
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Sarcomere
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Smalles contractile uinit of muscle consisting of the section between 2 Z Discs
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Myofilaments
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Filament that constitutes myofibrils. Of two types: actin (thick) and myosin (thin)
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Actin
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A contractile protein of muscle. thin filaments mostly composed of same
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Myosin
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One of the principal contractile proteins found in muscle.
thick filaments mostly composed of same. |
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thick filaments
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central myosin containing filaments that spann the A Band
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thin filaments
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lateral actin containing filaments that spann the I band and part of the A band
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elastic filaments
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span the z disc and runs withing thick filaments forming its core and connecting one myofibril to the next
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cross bridges
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are formed when thick and thin filaments link togetther
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tropomyosin
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rod shaped protein that spirals about actin core of thin filaments that stiffen ans stabalizes it. block binding sites when muscle is relaxed.
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troponin
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globular protein in thin filaments that helps control myosin-actin interactions and helps position tropomyosin to actin of thin filaments
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titin
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a gian protein that elastic filaments are made of. holds thick filaments in place and helps muscle sping back into shape after being stretched
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Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
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Specialized endoplasmic reticulum of muscle cells responsible for regulating intracellular levels of ionic calcium
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T Tubules
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Extension of the muscle cell plasma membrane (sarcolemma) that protrudes deeply into the muscle cell and sends the message to every myofibril to contract.
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Terminal Cisternae
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tubules of sr @ A and I band junctions
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somatic motor neurons
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nerve cells that activate skeletal muscle
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axons
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long threadlike extensions of neurons that branch off to form neuromuscular junctions w/ single muscle cells. they carry impulses away from nerve cell body
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axon terminals (synaptic knob)
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bulbous distal endings of the teminal branches of an axon
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synaptic cleft
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fluid filled space at a synapse. located in extracellular space between axon terminal and sarcolemma.
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synaptic vesicles
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small membranous sacs containing neurotransmitter
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acetylcholine (ACh)
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Chemical transmitter substance released by some nerve endings.
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Junctional Folds
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the part of the sarcolemma that forms the neuromuscular junction that is highly folded to increase surface area
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Ach Receptors
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located in sarcolemma. Ach binds to them to open ion channels allowing Na+ into muscle and K+ out.
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Acetylcholinesterase
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Enzyme present at the neuromuscular junction and synapses that degrades acetylcholine and terminates its action
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Action Potential
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A large transient depolarization event, including polarity reversal, that is conducted along the membrane of a muscle cell or a nerve fiber
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Depolarization
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Loss of a state of polarity; loss or reduction of negative membrane potential.
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end plate potential
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local depolarization
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repolarization
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sarcolemma restored to intitial polarized state and is a consequence of change in membrane permeability
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refractory period
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stimulation is impossible becasue repolarization is occuring
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