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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
equilibrium
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when the forward RXN rate is equal to the reverse RXN rate
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calculating forward RXN rate
for A+B--> AB |
R= k[A]^n[B]^n
these describe the REACTANTS |
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calculating reverse RXN rate
for A+B--> AB |
R=k2 [AB]^n
these describe the PRODUCTS |
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calculating equilibrium constants
Keq for A+B--> AB |
k= [AB]^n / [A]^n[B]^n
put PRODUCTS over REACTANTS |
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Large Keq
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Keq=equilibrium constant
takes longer to reach equilibrium |
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Small Keq
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takes shorter amount of time to reach equilibrium
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what happens when the pressure is changed on a system at equilibrium
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it only changes the equilibrium if the system has GASES in it
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when writing equilibrium equations
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DON"T INCLUDE SOLIDS
since they have a fixed concentration |
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Calculating Ka
Acid ionization constants |
Ka= [A]^n [B]^n / [C]^n [D]^n
concentrations of products/concentrations of reactants when a weak acid doesn't ionize completely it reaches an equilibrium (acid dissociation constant) |
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Small Ka
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concentration of unionized acid is large
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large Ka
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concentration of unionized acid is small
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the smaller the Ka
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the weaker the acid
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Ionization constant of water
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1e-14
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PH=
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-log[H3O +]
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1-->6
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ACID
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8--->14
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BASE
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%dissociation
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mol/L that dissociate / original concentration
x100 |
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Ksp
calculating Ksp Solute---> it's ions example AgCl---> Ag+ + Cl- |
Ksp= [A]^n [B]^n
take the solute's ions (not the solute b/c it's a solid) and use the concentrations to find the ksp |
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Common Ion effect
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when more ions are added the reverse reaction increases
ex. NaCl---> Na+ + Cl- when HCL is added the reverse reaction increases b/c it adds Cl- ions |
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delta S
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entropy
when there are more moles of gas on the products side the entropy has INCREASED when there are more moles of gas on the reactants side the entropy has DECREASED |
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Entropy equation
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delta S universe= delta S system + delta S surroundings
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entropy (delta S) is positive (very entropic)
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when a gas is formed from a solid
when a gas is evolved from a solution when the #mols of a gaseous product is bigger than the # mols of a gaseous reactant when crystals dissolve in water |
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Gibbs equation
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delta G= delta H - T(delta S)
T=temperature in Kelvin |
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delta G
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spontaneity
a negative delta G means it's spontaneous |
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delta H
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enthalpy
positive delta H means it's endothermic |
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delta S
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entropy
positive delta S means it's more chaotic |