Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
solute
|
the substance that dissolves in the solvent
|
|
solvent
|
the substance in which the solute(s) dissolve
|
|
miscible
|
soluble in any proportion
|
|
solubility
|
(S)
the maximun amount of solute that dissolves in a fixed quantity of a particular solvent at a specified temperature when excess solute is present |
|
like-dissolves-like rule
|
an emperical observation stating that substances having similar kinds of intermolecular forces dissolve in each other
|
|
hydration shell
|
the oriented cluster of water moleucles that surrounds an ion in aqueous solution
|
|
ion-induced dipole force
|
the intermolecular attractive force between an ion and the dipole it induces in the electron cloud of a nearby particle
|
|
dipole-induced dipole force
|
the intermolecular attraction between apolar moleucle and the oppositely charged pole it indeuces in a nearby molecule
|
|
alloy
|
a mixture with metallic properties that consists of solid phases of two or more pure substances, a solid-solid solution, or distinct intermediate phases
|
|
heat of solution
|
the enthalpy change occurring when a solution forms from solute and solvent. the sum of the enthalpies from separating solute and solvent molecules and mixing them
|
|
solvation
|
the process of surrounding a solute particle with solvent particles
|
|
hydration
|
solvation in water
|
|
heat of hydration
|
the enthalpy change occurring when 1 mol of a gaseous species is hydrated. the sum of the enthalpies from separating water molecules and mixing the gaseous species with them
|
|
charge density
|
the ratio of the charge of an ion to its volume
|
|
entropy
|
(S)
a thermodynamic quantity related to the number of ways the nergy of a system can be dispersed through the motions of its particles |
|
saturated solution
|
a solution that constinas the maximum amount of dissolved solute at a given temperature in the presence of undissolved solute
|
|
unsaturated solution
|
a solution in which more solute can be dissolved at a given temperature
|
|
supersaturated solution
|
an unstable solution in which more solute is dissolved than in a saturated solution
|
|
henry's law
|
a law stating that the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of hte gas above the liquid
|
|
molality
|
(m)
a concentration tem expressed a number of moles of solute dissolved in 1000g (1kg) of solvent |
|
mass percent
|
[%(w/w)]
the fraction of mass expressed as a percentage. a concentration term [%(w/w)] expressed as the mass in grames of solute dissolved per 100.g of solution |
|
volume percent
|
[%(v/v)]
a concentration term defined as the volume of solute in 100. volumes of solution |
|
mole fraction
|
(X)
a concentration term expressed as the ratio of moles of one component of a mixture to the total moles present |
|
colligative property
|
a property of a solution that depends on the number, not the identity, of solute particles
|
|
electrolyte
|
a substance that conducts a current when it dissolves in water. a mixture of ions, in which the electrodes of an electrochemical cell are immersed, that conducts a current
|
|
nonelectrolyte
|
a substance whose aqueous solution does not conduct an electric current
|
|
vapor pressure lowering
|
the lowering of the vapor pressure of a solvent caused by the presence of dissolved solute particles
|
|
raoult's law
|
a law stating that the vapor pressure of a solution is directly proportional to the mole fraction of the solvent
|
|
ideal solution
|
a solution whose vapor pressure equals the mole fraction of the solvent times the vapor pressure othe the pure solvent' approximated only by very dilute solutions
|
|
boiling point elevation
|
the increase in the boiling point of a solvent caused by the presence of dissolved solute
|
|
freezing point depression
|
a lowering of the freezing point of a solvent caused by the presence of dissolved solute particles
|
|
semipermeable membrane
|
a membrane that allows solvent, but not solute, to pass through
|
|
osmosis
|
the process by which solven flows through a semipermeable membrane from a dilute to a concentrated solution
|
|
osmotic pressure (II)
|
the pressure that resuts from the inablitly of solute particles to cross a semipermeable membrane. the pressure required to prevent the net movement of solvent across the membrane
|
|
ionic atmosphere
|
a cluster of ions of net opposite charge surrounding a given ion in solution
|