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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Imagine that a reseacher concludes that 5 year olds in the 1950s learn more slowly than the 5 year olds of today. Why could this be inaccurate?
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Cohort Effects
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An experimental design permits inferences about cause and effect because
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all participants are treated exactly alike except for changes in the independent variable
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Ethnographers strive to minimize their influence on the culture that they are observing by
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becoming part of the cultural community they are studying
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A major advantage of structured observations is that they
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are useful for studying behaviors that investigators rarely have an opportunity to see in everyday life
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________ has risen to the forefront of the field because it provides the most differentiated and thorough account of contextual influences on children’s development
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Ecological systems theory
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A(n) ________psychologist would be MOST interested in examining the following research question: What role does the infant’s capacity to imitate facial expressions play in survival?
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evolutionary developmental
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Vygotsky believed that _________ produce development.
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cooperative dialogues between children and more knowledgeable members of society
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Observations of ________ led to the concept of the critical period in human development.
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imprinting
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According to ________ theory, as children develop their ways of thinking adapt to better fit with, or represent, the external world.
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cognitive-developmental
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________ theory emphasizes the role of _______ in children’s learning.
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Bandura’s; cognition
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According to the behavioristic approach, the proper focus of study for psychology should be:
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directly observable events
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The primary purpose of the first successful intelligence test, developed by Binet and Simon, was to
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identify children who needed special education services.
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characterized children as naturally endowed with a plan for development.
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Both Rousseau and Hall
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Charles Darwin is considered the forefather of scientific child study because
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his theory prompted other researchers to study children and their development directly
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John Locke’s philosophy:
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emphasizes the possibility of many courses of development.
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During the sixteenth century, the Puritans believed that children were
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naturally inclined toward evil unless given the proper guidance and instruction.
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Theorists who emphasize ________ are most likely to focus on the importance of ________
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Change; nurture
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Our knowledge of child development is interdisciplinary. What does this mean?
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Individuals from diverse fields have contributed to our knowledge of child development.
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Inside each human cell are rodlike structures called that store and transmit genetic information
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chromosones
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A unique feature of DNA is that it can duplicate itself through a process called
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mitosis
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A person whose 23rd pair of chromosomes is xy
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is male
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Identical twins are created when
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a fertilized egg divides into two separate clusters of cells
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Allison has blonde hair and Albert has dark hair. If they have four children, which scenario is most likely
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all four children will have brown hair
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Maya tested positive for PKU at birth. For Maya to have a normal lifespan, she will
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have to be placed on a diet low in phenylalanine
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________ are more likely than ________ to be affected by X-linked diseases
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Males; females
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________ helps explain why children are more likely to develop asthma if their mothers, rather than their fathers, suffer from it
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Genetic imprinting
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A child born with an extra 21st chromosome has
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down syndrome
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Abnormalities of the sex chromosomes
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often are not recognized until adolescence
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Except for ________ and ________, prenatal diagnosis should not be used routinely, since other methods have some chance of injuring the fetus
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maternal blood analysis; ultrasound
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When a marriage is tense and hostile, parents are less responsive to their children’s needs. This is an example of a(n) ________ influence between parents and their children
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indirect
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