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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
the embedding of the zygote into the lining of the uterus
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implantation
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from implantation through the 8th week of pregnancy, the developing child is known as ______
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embryo
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the developing child from the 9th week of pregnancy to the time of birth
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fetus
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means within the uterus
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in utero
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result from the fertilization of separae ova by separate sperm cells. These develop into 2 separate embryos
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fraternal twins
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the use of fertilization drugs and techniques increases the chance of this. also, almost always are fraternal
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multiple births
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formed from the fertilization of a single egg cell by a single sperm. as the fertilization egg cell divides, it separaes into 2 parts, with each part forming a separate embryo
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identical twins
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the thin outer membrane that encloses the embryo. contributes to the formation of the placenta
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chorion
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temporary organ that forms within the uterus to allow the exchange of nutrients. oxygen, and waste products between the mother and fetus without allowing maernal blood and fetal blood to mix. also, produces hormones necessary to maintain the pregnancy
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placenta
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at delivery, the placenta is expelled as the _____
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afterbirth
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the innermost of the membranes that surround the embryo in the uterus and form the amniotic cavity
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amniotic sac aka: amnion or the bag of waters
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the liquid in which the fetus floats and is protected
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amnionic fluid aka: amniotic fluid
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the structure that connects the fetus to the placenta
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umbilical cord
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after birth, the ____ is formed where the umbilical cord was attached to the fetus
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navel aka: belly button
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the blood present in the umbilical cord and placenta at thee time of birth
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cord blood
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the period of development of the child in the mother's uterus. lasts approx 280 days
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gestation
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condition of having a developing child in the uterus
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pregnancy
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is calculated from the first day of the last menstrual period
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due date aka: estimated date of confinement
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the 1st movement of the fetus felt in the uterus. usually occurs during the 16th to the 20th week of pregnancy
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quickening
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the fetus is ___ when it is capable of living outside the mother. depends on the developmental age, birth weight, and developmental stage of the lungs of the fetus
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viable
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a woman who has never been pregnant
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nulligravida
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a woman during her 1st pregnancy
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primigravida
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a woman who has never borne a viable child
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nullipara
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a woman who has borne one viable child
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primipara
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a woman who has given birth 2 or more times
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multiparous
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refers to the final stage of pregnancy, right before the onset of labor
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antepartum
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intermittent painless uterine contractions that are not true labor pains
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Braxton Hick's contractions
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the act of giving birth
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parturition aka: labor and childbirth
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occur in 3 stages: dilation, the delivery of the baby, and the expulsion of the placenta and membranes
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labor and delivery (L & D)
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means after childbirth
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postpartum
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the period of 3-6 weeks after childbirth before the uterus returns to its normal size
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puerperium
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the return of the uterus to its normal size and former condition
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uterine involution
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the fluid secreted by the breasts during the first days postpartum. the fluid is rich in antibodies and confers passive immunity to the newborn
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colostrum
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the process of forming and secreting milk from the breasts as nourishment for the infant
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lactation
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the vaginal discharge during the 1st week or 2 after childbirth. it consists of blood, tissue, and mucus
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lochia
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the newborn infant is known as ____ during the first 4 weeks after birth
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neonate
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a greasy substance that protects the fetus in utero and may still be present at birth
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vernix
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the greenish material that collects in the intestine of a fetus and forms the first stools of a newborn
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meconium
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the ability of a couple to achieve pregnancy after one year of regular, unprotected intercourse, or the inability of a woman to carry a pregnancy to a live birth
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infertility
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an infertile couple may seek the help of an ______, who diagnoses and treats problems associated with conception and maintaining pregnancy
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infertility specialist aka: fertility specialist
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specializes in providing medical care to women during pregnancy, childbirth, and immediately thereafter
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obstetrician
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specialist in diagnosing and treating disorders of the newborn
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neonatologist
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specializes in diagnosing, treating, and preventing disorders and diseases of children
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pediatrician
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the interruption or termination of pregnancy before the fetus is viable
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abortion
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usually occurs early in the pregnancy because of a genetic disorder or abnormality
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spontaneous abortion aka: miscarriage
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caused by human intervention, achieved through the use of drugs or suctioning
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induced abortion
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when induced abortion is done for medical purposes, it is known as ______
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therapeutic abortion
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potentially dangerous condition in which a fertilized egg is implanted and begins to develop outside the uterus
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ectopic pregnancy aka: extrauterine pregnancy
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form of ectopic pregnancy in which the embryo is implanted within the fallopian tube rather than the uterus
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tubal pregnancy
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complication of pregnancy characterized by hypertension, edema, and proteinuria
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preeclampsia aka: pregnancy-induced hypertension or toxemia
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a more serious for of preeclampsia, is characterized by convulsions and sometimes coma
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eclampsia
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an abnormal condition in which the placenta separates from the uterine wall prematurely before the birth of the fetus
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abruptio placentae
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when the buttocks or feet of the fetus are presented first instead of the head
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breech presentation
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the abnormal implantation of the placenta in the lower portion of the uterus. symptoms include: painless sudden-onset bleeding during the 3rd trimester
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placenta previa
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a neonate born before the 37th week of gestation
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premature infant aka: preemie
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the birth of a fetus that died before, or during, delivery
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stillbirth
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performed on either a blood or urine specimen to determine the level of the human chorionic gonadotropin hormone. an unusually high level usually indicates pregnancy
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pregnancy test
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noninvasive procedure used to image and evaluate fetal development
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fetal ultrasound
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noninvasive blood test that, combined with a detailed ultrasound, can be performed as early as 11 weeks into a pregnancy to detect Down syndrome.
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first trimester screening
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examination of chorionic cells retrived from the edge of the placenta between the 8th and 10th weeks of pregnancy. these cells are used to test for genetic abnormalities in the developing child
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chorionic villus sampling
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surgical puncture with a needle to obtain a specimen of amniotic fluid. obtained after the 14th week of pregnancy, used to evaluate fetal health and to diagnose certain congenital disorders
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amniocentesis
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radiographic study to measure the dimensions of the pelvis to evaluate its capacity to allow passage of the fetus through the birth canal
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pelvimetry
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use of an electronic device to record the fetal heart rate and the material uterine contractions during labor. changes in fetal heart rate not caused by contractions may indicate distress
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fetal monitoring
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placement of electrodes on the abdominal skin over the uterus
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indirect fetal monitoring
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placement of an electrode through the birth canal and onto the head of the fetus after the membranes have ruptured
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direct fetal monitoring
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an evaluation of a newborn infant's physical status by assigning numerical values (0-2) to each of 5 criteria: 1) heart rate 2) respiratory effort 3) muscle tone 4) response stimulation and 5) skin color. newborn is evaluated at 1-5 min after birth. a total score of 8-10 indicates the best possible condition
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apgar score
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the delivery of the child through an incision in the maternal abdominal and uterine walls. usually performed when a vaginal birth would be unsafe for either the mom or baby
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cesarean section aka: cesarean delivery or a C-section
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surgical incision of the perineum and vagina to facilitate delievery and prevent laceration of the tissues
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episiotomy
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surgical suturing to repair an episiotomy
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episiorrhaphy
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the direct visual examination of the tissues of the cervix and vagina using a binocular magnifier
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colposcopy
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