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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Axial skeleton |
Forms the upright part of the body. It consists of approximately 80 bones of the head, thorax, and trunk. |
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Appendicular skeleton |
Attaches to the axial skeleton and contains the 126 bones of the extremities |
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Compact bone |
Makes up a hard, dense outer shell. Always completely covers bone and tends to be thick along the shaft and thin at the ends of long bones. |
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Cancellous bone |
the porous and spongy inside portion called trabeculae |
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Epiphysis |
The are at each end of a long bone; tends to be wider than the shaft. In adult bone it is osseous |
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Epiphyseal plate |
In growing bone, the epiphysis is cartilaginous material. Longitudinal growth occurs here through the manufacturing of new bone. |
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Diaphysis |
Main shaft of bone. Made up of mostly compact bone, which gives it great strength. |
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Medullary canal |
Hollow, which among other features, decreases the weight of the bone. Contains marrow and provides passage for nutrient arteries |
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Endosteum |
a membrane that lines the medullary canal. Contains osteoclasts |
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Osteoclasts |
responsible for bone absorption |
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Metaphysis |
The flared part at each end of the diaphysis. Made up mostly of cancellous bone and functions to support epiphysis |
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Periosteum |
the thin fibrous membrane covering all of the bone except the articular surfaces that are covered with hyaline cartilage. |
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Pressure epiphysis |
Located at the ends of long bones, where they receive pressure from the opposing bone making up that joint. This is where growth of long bones occurs |
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Traction epiphysis |
Located where tendons attach to bones and are subjected to a pulling, or traction, force |
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Long bones |
The largest bones in the body and make up most of the appendicular skeleton. |
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Short bones |
have more equal dimensions of height, length, and width, giving them a cube shape. Ex: bones of the wrist (carpals) and ankle (tarsals) |
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Flat bones |
Have a very broad surface but are not very thick. Tend to have a curved surface rather than a flat one. Made up of two layers of compact bone with cancellous bone and marrow in between. Ex: Illium and scapula |
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Irregular bones |
Have a variety of mixed shapes. Composed of cancellous bone and morrow encased in a thin layer compact bone. Ex: Vertebrae and sacrum |
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Sesamoid bone |
Resembles the shape of sesame seeds, are small bones located where tendons cross the ends of long bones in the extremities. They develop within the tendon and protect it from excessive wear. |
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Fracture |
It is break in the continuity of the bony cortex caused by direct force, indirect force, or pathology. |
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Osteoporosis |
A condition characterized by loss of normal bone density, or bone mass. This condition can weaken a bone to the point it will fracture. |
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Osteomyelitis |
An infection of the bone usually caused by bacteria. |
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Legg- Calve- Perthes disease and slipped femoral capital epiphysis |
the proximal head of the femur is a common site for problems at the pressure epiphysis |
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Osgood- Schlatter disease |
A common condition at traction epiphysis of the tibial tuberosity in children whose bones are still growing. |