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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Nucleus in Thalamus that processes most visual information from eye |
Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN) |
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Frequency gradients (high vs. low) that V1 cells in Parvocellular Pathway are most sensitive to |
High Frequency |
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Frequency gradients (high vs. low) in Magnocellular Pathway are most sensitive to |
Low Frequency |
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End of Parvocellular Pathway, includes cells that prefer, hand, face, other complex stimulation |
Inferior Temporal (IT) |
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Cortex with direction-sensitive cells, responds best to stimulus moving across retina |
MT (Medial Temporal) |
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Cortex with optic-flow detectors that respond best to contraction/expansion of whole scene |
MST (Medial Superior Temporal) |
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In V2 or MT, cells that respond to degrees of difference between location of an image on to retina |
Disparity Detectors |
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Cells to which auditory receptors communicate, whose axons exit to brain |
Spiral Ganglions (ANF) |
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Relative levels of activity across differentially-resonating Basilar Membrane code frequency |
Place Coding |
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Ganglions involved in the Volley Principle can all only fire at the same phase (e.g.) peak of input wave |
Phase Locked |
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Differences used for localization, caused by "head shadow" attenuating high frequencies |
Amplitude Differences |
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Differences used for localization, comparing peak and trough of lower frequencies |
Phase Differences |
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Differences used for localization, per race of left vs. right onset signals to Superior Olive |
Timing Differences |
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Receptors Cells that show divergent connectivity, for detail frequency discrimination |
Inner Hair Cells |
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Receptor Cells that show convergent connectivity, for loudness discrimination |
Outer Hair Cells |
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(Audition) Next synapse in Medulla after 8th Cranial Nerve, beginning of separate information pathways, Monaural site |
Cochlear Nucleus |
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Cell in Cochlear Nucleus that transforms incoming signal into transient burst |
Onset Cell |
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Cell in Cochlear Nucleus that transforms incoming signal into one graded, increasing amplitude |
Build up cell |
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Auditory site in Medulla, responsible for Orienting Reflex |
Superior Olive |
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Auditory site in Midbrain, where information is integrated with visual at nearby site |
Inferior Colliculus |
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Auditory site in Thalamus, site of A1 |
Medial Geniculate Nucleus - MGN |
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Nucleus of Thalamus in somatosensory pathway |
Ventral Posterior Nucleus - VPN |
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Path for pain and temperature information to brain, crossing over in Spinal Cord |
Spinal Thalamic Pathway |
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Path for touch and internal motion information to brain, crossing over in Brainstem |
Medial Lemniscal Pathway |
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When damage to one side of spine results in different losses on ipsi vs. contra-lateral sides |
Brown-Sequard Syndrome |
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Location of Primary Projection Area (S1) for somatosensory information |
Post Central Gyrus |
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Midbrain area that is probably the source of blocking of pain (as in Gate Theory) |
Periaqueductal Grey Area |
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Type of inter-neuron in spine that responds to Endorphins |
Inhibitory Inter-neuron (SG) |
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A proprioceptor that detects passive stretch of a muscle, triggering Stretch Reflex |
Spindle |
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Area of cortex that includes body map, sends movement commands to Stem and Cord |
Primary Motor Cortex |
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Location of the Primary Motor Cortex |
Pre-Central Gyrus |
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Anterior to the Pre-Central Gyrus, active during preparation to move, receives especially from Visua-Spatial areas |
Premotor Cortex |
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Dorsal to Broca's Area, also active during preparation, especially for rapid moves, receives from Parietal |
Supplementary Motor Cortex |
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Fast, crossing paths from Pyramids in cortex, especially for precise control of peripheral moves |
Cortico-Spinal Pathway |
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Cortico-Spinal Pathway stops at this Midbrain structure on way from Cortex to Medulla and Cord |
Red Nucleus (of Tegmentum) |
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Central areas that receive from "telephone poles" and send output to Brain/Cord |
Deep Nuclei |
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Set of forebrain structures controlling posture, muscle tone, and smooth movement |
Basal Ganglia |
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Midbrain structure whose dopaminergic axons synapse in Basal Ganglia |
Substantia Nigra |