Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Basing an argument on feelings, especially pity or fear, often to draw attention away from the real issues or conceal another purpose
|
faulty emotional appeals
|
|
attempt to prove that something are more or less desirable than others
|
claims of value
|
|
restriction placed on the warrant to indicate that unless certain conditions are met, the warrant may not establish a connection between the support and the claim
|
reservation
|
|
Internal consistency of the message- clarity of claim, logic of its reasons, effectiveness of its supporting evidence. (logical appeal)(credibility)
|
Logos
|
|
failing to acknowledge disagreement among experts otherwise misrepresenting the trustworthiness of the sources
|
faulty use of authority
|
|
disputing a view similar to, but not the same as, that of the arguers opponent
|
straw man
|
|
using irrelevant proof to buttress a claim.
"it does not follow" |
non sequitur
|
|
a restriction placed on the claim may not always be true as stated
|
qualifier
|
|
security; freedom from harm; order and stability
|
safety needs
|
|
assert that specific policies should be instituted as solutions to problems
|
claims of policy
|
|
drawing conclusion form insufficient eveidence
|
hasty generalization
|
|
the assurances upon which a warrant or argument is based
|
backing
|
|
diverting an issue from the issue by introducing a new point; by responding to an accusation with a counter-accusation that makes no attempt to refute the first accusation
|
two wrongs make a right
|
|
materials used by the arguer to convince the audience that his/her claim is sound (evidence, motivational appeals)
|
the support
|
|
emotional appeal (emotional and imaginative impact the message has on the audience to make a decision)
|
pathos
|
|
a proposal that something should continue because it has traditionally existed or been done that way
|
appeal to tradition
|
|
assuming without specific proof that if objects are similar in one way, then they are similar in other ways as well
|
false analogy
|
|
simplifying a complex problem into an either/ or dichotomy
|
false dilemma
|
|
a general principle or assumption that establishes a connection between the support and claim
|
the warrant
|
|
a formula of deductive argument of consisting of 3 propositions: a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion
|
syllogism
|
|
most frequently as examples and statistics
|
factual evidence
|
|
a warrant based on the credibility or trustworthiness of the source
|
authoritative warrant
|
|
mistakenly inferring that because one event follows another they have a casual relation
|
Post Hoc of Doubtful Case
|
|
making a statement that assumes that the issue being argued has already been decided
|
begging the question
|
|
reasoning by which we establish that a conclusion must be true b/c statements on which it is based are true; syllogism
|
deduction
|