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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
A species that has been introduced into a new location and can cause a disruption of normal interactions with a community is called a(n) _____________ species. |
exotic |
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In some communities, one species stabilizes the community by maintaining its characteristics and helping hold its web of interactions together. This species is referred to as a _________________ species |
keystone species |
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A heterotroph that breaks down organic matter into inorganic nutrients that are recycled in the environment is called a _____________ |
Decomposer |
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If two species are using the same limited resources, then they are experiencing ____________ which has a negative effect on the abundance of both species |
competition |
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A community is a collection of different __________ |
populations |
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The aquatic ecosystems are |
saltwater
freshwater
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When studying ___________ ecology, the community and its interactions with the physical environment are considered. |
ecosystem |
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_______ require a source of preformed organic nutrients and release CO2 into the atmosphere |
Heterotrophs |
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An organism that uses inorganic nutrients and an outside energy source to make organic nutrients for itself is called a: |
producer |
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The rate at which producers capture and store energy over a given time period is called primary |
productivity |
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All the species in a community along with the physical environment is called |
an ecosystem |
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A heterotroph that feeds on both plant and animal matter is called |
omnivore |
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________ is the rate at which producers capture and store solar energy in organic nutrients over a certain length of time. |
Primary Productivity |
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A species that is indigenous to a specific are is called a(n) __________ species. |
native |
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A ________ of a species is where it live within the community. |
habitat |
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The place where a species lives within a community is called its: |
habitat |
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An autotroph uses only _____________ nutrients and an outside energy source to produce ____________________ nutrients for its own use and for other members of the community. |
inorganic organic |
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The ________, which encompasses all ecosystems on the Earth, is the fine level of biological organization. |
biosphere |
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a ____________ differes from a producer in that it cannot make its own food. |
consumer |
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Predation occurs when a ________________ feeds on a ____________. |
predator prey |
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A consumer in a food chain that eats other living animals in called a ________. |
carnivore |
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Which of the following can plants use as sources of nitrogen? |
ammonium nitrates |
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An organism that can take in only inorganic nutrients and an outside energy source to produce organic nutrients for itself, and for the organisms that consume it, is a(n) ________. |
autotroph |
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A consumer that feeds directly on plants and algae is called a(n) _______. |
herbivore |
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A species that helps stabilize a community is called a(n) __________ species. |
keystone |
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The two parameters that define a major terrestrial ecosystem also called a ______________________ , are temperature and rainful. |
biome |
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A food web illustrates which of the following? |
energy flow |
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Select fossil fuels |
natural gas oil coal |
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For plants to be able to use nitrogen, it must be converted into ammonium by a process called nitrogen _____________. |
fixation |
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If excess phosphorus enters an aquatic ecosystem, fish kills can occur. Why? |
Algal populations grow quickly because of the nutrients and then die. Bacteria feed on the dead algae and use up the oxygen, causing the fish to die. |
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The element ____________ in ocean sediments becomes available when sediments undergo geologic upheaval. |
phosphorus |
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Which human activities alter the transfer rates in the nitrogen cycle? |
Production of fertilizers from nitrogen Deforestation |
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About what percent of the energy taken in by a herbivore is passed on to the carnivore that consumes it? |
10% |
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Which human activities alter the transfer rates in the carbon cycle? |
deforestation burning fossil fuels |
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_______________________ succession occurs in an old field that is no longer undergoing cultivation, for example, an abandonded farm. |
Secondary |
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mutualism competition parasitism commensalism |
+ + - - + 0 |
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There is ______ carbon dioxide being deposited in the atmosphere than being removed. |
more |
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An organism that feeds on either an autotroph or heterotroph in a food chain can be called a |
consumer |
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Excess __________ and phosphates in water systems can result in fish kills due to eutrophication, or over-enrichment, of the water |
nitrate |
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The symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit is called |
mutualism |
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_________ cycles can be either gaseous or sedimentary |
biogeochemical |
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The type of symbiosis that occurs when one species benefits and the other is neither benefited nor harmed is called
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commensalism |
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Which forest food web has the most energy flowing through it |
Detrital food web |
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Predator to prey is as _________ is to host |
parasite |
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If two species reduce competition between them for a resource by dividing up the resource, for example, the area of feeding this is called ____________. |
resource partitioning |
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Species diversity includes both species __________ and species ______________. |
distribution richeness |
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The climax-pattern model states that |
as long as the climate stays the same, the same stable climax community will return after a disturbance. |
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The ecological ____________ of a species incorporates the role the species plays in the community, its habitat, and its interactions with other species. |
niche |
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The list of species in a community provide a description of the species composition or species _______________. |
richness |
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A food chain shows |
a single path of the energy flow in an eco system |
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Changes in the species makeup of a community over time is called |
succession |
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according to the ______ ____________ principle, no two species can indefinitely occupy the same niche at the same time. |
competitive exclusion |
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__________________ nutrients are the most important factor affecting primary productivity in aquation ecosystems. |
inorganic |
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Denitrification is the conversion of nitrate into __________ gas |
nitrogen |
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a ______ level is a level of nourishment within a food web or food chain. |
trophic |
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Good |
Job |