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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the two categories of memory |
RAM (static and dynamic) and ROM |
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Why does the memory hierarchy exist? |
Best performance, lowest cost |
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Where are small storage elements held? |
CPU |
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Where are is larger main memory accessed? |
The data bus |
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Temporal Locality |
If an item is accessed, it will probably be accessed again soon |
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Spatial Locality |
Tendency to access contiguous instructions/data in memory |
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Where are larger than main memory permanent storage located |
Further from the CPU |
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What is the purpose of Cache memory? |
Speed up memory access by storing recently used data closer to the CPU |
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What are the three Mapping Schemes for Cache Memory? |
Direct Mapped, Fully Associative, Set Associative |
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What is Virtual Memory used for? |
Used to increase the available address space fora process by using the hard disk as an extension of RAM. |
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What is the difference between Virtual Memory and Physical Memory? |
Virtual Memory -Two fields: A page field, and an offset field. -Page field: determines the page location of the virtual address -Offset field: indicates the location of the address within the page. Physical Memory -Two fields: a page frame field, and an offset field. – Page frame field: determines the page frame location in main memory |
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What is the Effective Access time formula? |
EAT = (1 – page fault rate) x 2 x main memory access time + page faultrate x page fault penalty |