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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Clauses introduced by an “if” are known as?
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Conditionals.
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Conditionals also known as?
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If structures. If clauses. If sentences.
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A conditional comprises?
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A hypothesis and the result
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A hypothesis and the result are also known as?
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A condition and a consequence.
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When the hypothesis precedes the consequence, the clauses are separated by?
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A comma.
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When the consequence precedes the hypothesis, the clauses?
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Have no separating comma!
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The types of conditional comprise?
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Zero, first, second, third and mixed.
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A zero conditional happens?
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Anytime.
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The possibility a zero conditional is?
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Certain.
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The structure of a zero conditional is?
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Hypothesis – consequence.
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Zero conditionals express?
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Something that is always true as long as the condition is met.
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The tense in both clauses of a zero conditional is?
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Present simple.
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In zero conditionals, the conditional always?
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Has the same result.
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Between “if” and “when” in a zero conditional?
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There’s no difference.
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In some cases, “if” in a zero conditional suggests?
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That something happens less frequently.
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In some cases, “when” in a zero conditional suggests?
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That something happens regularly.
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A first conditional happens?
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In the future.
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The possibility of a first conditional is?
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Possible.
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A first conditional is used to express what kind of situation?
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Real or very probable.
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Other functions of a first conditional may express?
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Warnings, threats or promises!
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Generally, the tense of the hypothesis (if-clause) in the first conditional is in?
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The simple present.
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Other tenses for the If-clause in a first conditional may include?
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Present continuous, present perfect, present perfect continuous.
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In the main clause of a first conditional, to show something will definitely happen, what is used?
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“Will/ Be going to” or modal verbs (can, could, may, might, must and should).
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What other word could be used in the if-clause of a first conditional to show a little more uncertainty?
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Should.
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When “should” is used in the main clause of a first conditional, the speaker is expressing his?
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Opinion or giving advice.
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In the main clause of a first conditional, a degree of possibility can be expressed depending on the meaning of each?
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Modal verb.
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In the main clause of a first conditional, an order/suggestion can be given or request made by?
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The imperative.
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Other functions or concepts a first conditional sentence may express, include?
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Warnings, threats or promises.
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A second conditional happens?
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In the future or in the present.
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The possibility of a second conditional is?
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Unlikely.
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Second conditionals are used to express?
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Imaginary situations which are contrary to facts in the present or unlikely to happen in the present or future as the condition is unlikely to be met.
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Generally, in a second conditional, the tense of the if-clause is?
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Simple past (subjective).
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Generally, in a second conditional, the tense of the if-clause is?
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Simple past (subjective).
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Generally, in a second conditional, the verb form of the main-clause is?
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Would + base form (conditional).
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The structure of a second conditional is?
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If clause + would + (base form).
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What is the format of an impossible present (second) conditional statement?
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“If I were you, I would” + base form.
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Other combinations of tenses in a second conditional might include?
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Unreal present (past simple or past continuous) or unlikely future (past simple or past continuous).
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In unreal present or unlikely future second conditionals, the main clause might include any of the following with the base form verb?
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Would, could, might, or should.
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In if-clauses of second conditionals, “were” is used for what subjects?
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Both singular and plural.
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The functions of second conditionals include advice, suggestions or recommendations, or the following situations?
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Imaginary, hypothetical, possible but improbable future, impossible or contrary to fact.
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When is an impossible present (second) conditional used?
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To express advice, make recommendations or suggestions.
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The tense of the if-clause in a third conditional happens?
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In the past perfect.
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The main clause of a third conditional is structured as?
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Would + have + past participle (also called “conditional perfect”).
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Other verb forms in the third conditional include?
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Unreal past (past perfect or past perfect continuous) or regret/criticism (past perfect)
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The possibility of a third conditional is?
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Impossible.
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Third conditionals are used to express?
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Imaginary situations which are contrary to facts in the past or to express regrets or criticism
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By combining the if-clause from one type of conditional with the main clause from another one, you get?
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A mixed conditional.
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A future second conditional could be combined with?
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Either a present second conditional or a past third conditional.
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A present second conditional could be combined with?
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Either a future first conditional or a past third conditional.
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A past third conditional could be combined with?
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Either a future second conditional or a present second conditional
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Unless, providing , providing that, so long as, as long as, on condition that, what if, suppose, supposing, otherwise, but for , and, in case are all words or expressions that?
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Convey a conditional outcome.
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What happens sometimes to the subject and verb when “if” is omitted with “were, had (past perfect) and should?
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They are inverted. (e.g. “Had I known, I would”, instead of “If I had known, I would…)
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Are will, would or should normally used in an if clause?
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No.
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When will, would or should are used in an if clause, it is done to?
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Make a polite request, express insistence or uncertainty (where if means whether).
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To talk about something that is possible but very unlikely to happen?
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Should may be used (e.g. If anyone should call, please take a message.)
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None
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In implied conditions, when the if clause is implied but not stated, conditional verbs?
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Are still used in the consequence clause. (e.g. “I would have gone, but I had to study” as opposed to, “If I didn’t have to study, I would have gone.”)
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The idea usually following the “as if / as though” sentence is?
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Not true. (e.g. “He acted as though he had never met me”, means “Actually, he has met me before.”)
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Other times, the “as if / as though” introduces?
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A “true” situation or prediction. (e.g. It looks as if it’s very delicious.)
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