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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
accidental reinforcement/ adventitious reinforcement
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delivery of reinforcer coincides with particular response which wasn't responsible for reinforcer present
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appetitive stimulus
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pleasant stimulus that positively reinforces instrumental response
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augmentation/contra-blocking effect
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helping conditioning of new stimulus because of a previously conditioned stimulus
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aversive stimulus
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bad stimulus that punishes instrumental response
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avoidance
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instrumental response prevents aversive stimulus
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belongingness
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certain respsonse belong with certain reinforcers, helps learning
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blocking effect
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interference of a new stimulus because of previously conditioned stimulus
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comparator hypothesis
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CR depends on a camparison between the associative strength of CS and of other cues that are present during training of target CS
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conditioned homeostatic-response
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CR similar to unconditioned homeostatic reactions elicited by some unconditioned stimuli
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conditioned reinforcer/secondary reinforcer
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stimulus becomes reinforcer because of association with primary unconditioned reinforcer
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contiguity/ temporal contiguity
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events occuring at same time (response and reinforcer)
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counterconditioning
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reversing previous response to a stimuli
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CS-preexposure effect/ latent-inhibition effect
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interfering with conditioning by exposing the CS early
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differential reinforcement of other behavior
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positive reinforcer's sometimes delivered to perform particular response
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discrete-trial method
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participant can perform instrumental response only during specified periods by placing part in chamber or by presenting the stimulus
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drug tolerance
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reduced effectiveness due to repeated due to use
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escape
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instrumental response terminates aversion stimulus
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free-operant method
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repeated performance of istrumental response without participant removed from chamber
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high-order conditioning
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cs1 used to condition new stimulus cs2
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homeostasis
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maintaining critical aspects of body within acceptable limits; sometimes negative feedback counteracts
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instinctive drift
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drift from responses for reinforcement to species typical instinctive responses related to reinforcer
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instrumental behavior
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activity that is effective in producing a particular consequence/reinforcere
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intermin response
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incresed frequency after periodic reinforcer and decreased until next reinforcer
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latency
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time from start of trial to instrumental response
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law of effect
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response + stimulus =
satisfaction: resposne strengthened annoying: response weakened |
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learned-helplessness effect
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interference with new learning responses from exposure to aversive stimulation
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learned-helplessness hypothesis
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during exposure to aversive stimulation. participants learn their behavior. can not control environment
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magazine training
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stimulus is repeatedly paired with reinforcer to enable part to learn and go get reinforcer then presented
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marketing procedure
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response followed by distinctive event that makes response more memorable and help overcome the deleting effects of delayed reinforcement
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negative contrast
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decreased responding for an unfavorable reinforcer after previous experiments with more desired reinforcer
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negative reinforcement
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you do something don't get bad, don't do something, get bad things, negative contigency
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omission training
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response prevents reinforcemnet stimulus
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operant response
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response defined by effect on environment
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positive contrast
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greater responding for a favorable reinforcer following previous experience with a less desired reinfrocer than in the absence of such prior experience
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positive reinforcement
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+ contigency do this, get pos. dont do it, dont get it
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punishment
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response aversive stimulus + contingency do somehting get bad, dont do dont get bad
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relative waiting time hypothesis
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CR depends on waiting for US w/ CS or waiting for US regardless of CS
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response-reinforcer contingency
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probability of reinforcement for response and reinforcement without response
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running speed
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speed of animal in runway
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s-r learning
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learning between stimulus and response; stimulus brings response
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s-s learning
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one stimulus represents the other
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sensory preconditioning
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1 weak CS2 + 1 weak CS1 = CS1 + US = CS2-> CR; regardless of being paired with US
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shaping
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a lot of reinforcement for response
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simultaneous behavioral contrast
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shifts between favorable and unfavorable reward condition w/ distinct stimulus
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stimulus salience
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significance/noticeablity; more salience= more rapid conditioning
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stimulus substitution
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interchange between US and CS
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superstitious behavior
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increases in frequency because of accidental pairing of the delivery of a reinfrocer with occurrences of the behavior
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terminal response
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response that is at end of the interval between successive reinforcements that are presented at fixed intervals
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US-preexposure effect
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interference with conditioning produced by repeated exposures to the unconditioned stimulus before the conditioning trials
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US devaluation
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reduction in the attractiveness of a US achieved by yaversion of satiation
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