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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is Connective tissue?
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Most Abundant tissue in the body
Many varied forms Delicate tissue, paper webs, strong tough cords, rigid bones and fluid |
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What are the 4 Functions of Connective tissue?
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1. Connects
Tissue to Tissue Muscle to Muscle Muscle to Bone Bone to Bone 2. Supports 3. Transports 4. Defends |
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What are the 9 Types of Connective Tissue
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1. Loose, Ordinary
2. Adipose 3. Reticular 4. Dense Fibrous 5. Bone 6. Cartilage 7. Blood 8. Muscle 9. Nervous |
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Loose, Ordinary (Areolar)
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*Found between other tissues and organs
*Loose tells us it's stretchable *Ordinary because it is the most widely distributed *Connects structures, acts like a glue that is elastic *Areolar means "like a small space" and refers to the bubbles that appear as the tissue is pulled apart *The Matrix (intercellular material) |
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The Matrix (intercellular material)
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contains 6 fibers and cells (most to least):
1. Fibroblasts - (Builder) connective cells that synthesize fibers and gels them together. 2. Macrophages - (Eater) are large Phagocyte cells. Are parts of the bodies vital defense mechanisms. 3. Mast Cells - (Feeder) Wound healing 4. White Blood Cells (Defenders) are Leukocytes 5. Fat Cells 6. Plasma |
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Adipose
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*Predominately Fat Cells
*Contain Fewer Fibroblasts, Macrophages and Mast Cells *Forms Protective pads around Kidneys and other structures *Storage for excess food - stores fat soluble vitamins *Insulation *Obesity - body 20% above ideal weight. Find your BMI score. Every add'l lb the heart must pump and add'l 2/3rd of a mile. |
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Reticular
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*A three dimensional web
*Forms the framework of delicate structures ex. Spleen, lymph nodes and bone marrow, capillaries and nerve fibers *Defends the body against microbes and injurious substances out of the blood and lymph nodes by engulfing and destroying them *Makes new Reticular Fibers |
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Bone
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*one of the most highly specialized forms of connective tissue
*The Bone Cells (Osteocytes) are embedded in a matrix of Organic Collagen and Mineral Salts *The mineral salts make up about 65% of the total matrix and is responsible for the hardness of bone |
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Bone Additional Cells are:
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Osteoblasts-bone forming cells
Osteoclasts-bone destroying cells |
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Bones are the organs of?
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The Skeletal System
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What are the functions of the bone?
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Support
Protection Attachment for muscle Mineral Reservoir Production of blood cells (Hemopoiesis) |
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What is the basic structural unit of bone?
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The Haversian System
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What does the Haversian system consist of?
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Lacunae, Lamellae, Canaliculi, Membrane Bone, Endochondral Bone
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Lacunae
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small spaces in which bone cells are located
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Lamellae
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concentric layers of bone matrix
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Canaliculi
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small canals that connect lacunae and osteocytes to blood vessels in the Central Haversian Canal
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Membrane bone
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formed with Membranous tissue
Ex. flat bones of skull (aponeurosis) |
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Endochondral Bone
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formed by the replacement of cartilage.
Ex. growth plates and sutures |
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Cartilage
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*differs from other connective tissue in that only one cell type is present (chondrocytes)
*Chondrocytes produce both the fibers and the gristlike ground substance of cartilage *Chondrocytes are produced in the Lacunae *Cartilage is avascular, therefore nutrients must reach by way of diffusion *Movement is through the matrix from blood vessels in the perichondrium *Injuries heal slowly because of the inefficient delivery of nutrient |
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What are the 3 types of cartilage?
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Fibrocartilage
Elastic Hyaline |
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Fibrocartilage
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Strongest and most durable; matrix is rigid and filled with strong white fibers. Serves as shock absorbers between vertebrae and at the knee (Intervertebral discs and Meniscus)
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Elastic (cartilage)
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Contains large numbers of fine elastic-like fibers for strength and flexibility (External Ear and Larynx)
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Hyaline (cartilage)
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Shiny and translucent; most common (Articular Cartilage-covering the ends of bones into joints and support rings of respiratory tubes)
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Blood
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Connective tissue in a liquid state(has no ground substance or fibers)
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How is blood divided?
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1. Plasma- 55% liquid fraction
2. Corpuscles- 45% |
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Plasma
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Water makes up 90%; Proteins -Antibodies 10%
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Corpuscles
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Erythrocytes 99% (Red Blood Cells) contain Hemoblobin which is principal carrier of exygen
Leukocytes 0.2% (White Blood Cells) -form in bone marrow; function is Phagocytosis Thrombocytes 0.6-1.0% (Platelets) - coagulation/clotting |
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What are the functions of Blood?
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1. Movement of respiratory gases
2. Movement of nutrients 3. Movement of waste products 4. Helps maintain body temperature 5. Regulates ph of body fluid 6. Destroys harmful microorganisms |
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What are the 3 Muscle Types?
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Skeletal
Visceral Cardiac |
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Skeletal (muscle)
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*Muscle attached to bones
*Also called striated or voluntary *Striated refers to cross striations (stripes) *Voluntary means willed control |
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Visceral (muscle)
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*Found in the walls of viscera
*Also called Non-striated or Involuntary *It is not controlled under normal circumstances |
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Cardiac (muscle)
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*Found in the Heart
*Also called striated Involuntary |
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What are the 3 Nervous tissue functions?
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1. Irritability (Excitability)
2. Conductivity 3. Response |
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Nervous tissue consists of:
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Neuroglia - connecting and supporting cells
Neurons - Functional unit of system |
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Neuron Functional unit of system includes:
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Soma - Cell Body
Axon - Process that carries impulse away from the cell body Dendrites - process that carry impulses toward the cell body |