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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
active precipitation
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The view that the source of many criminal incidents is the aggressive or provocative behavior of victims.
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capable guardians
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Effective deterrents to crime, such as police or watchful neighbors
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chronic victimization
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Those who have been crime victims maintain a significantly higher chance of future victimization than people who have remained nonvictims. Most repeat victimizations occur soon after a previous crime has occurred, suggesting that repeat victims share some personal characteristic that makes them a magnet for predators.
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crisis intervention
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Emergency counseling for crime victims.
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cycle of violence
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The idea that victims of crime, especially childhood abuse, are more likely to commit crimes themselves.
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date rape
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Forcible sex during a courting relationship.
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exclusionary rule
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The principle that prohibits using evidence illegally obtained in a trial. Based on the Fourth Amendment right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, the rule is not a bar to prosecution, as legally obtained evidence may be available that may be used in a trial.
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motivated offenders
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The potential offenders in a population. According to rational choice theory, crime rates will vary according to the number of motivated offenders.
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obsessive-compulsive disorder
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An extreme preoccupation with certain thoughts and compulsive performance of certain behaviors.
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passive precipitation
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The view that some people become victims because of personal and social characteristics that make them attractive targets for predatory criminals.
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posttraumatic stress disorder
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Psychological reaction to a highly stressful event; symptoms may include depression, anxiety, flashbacks, and recurring nightmares.
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preventive detention
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The practice of holding dangerous suspects before trial without bail.
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restorative justice
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Using humanistic nonpunitive strategies to right wrongs and restore social harmony.
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stalking
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A pattern of behavior directed at a specific person that includes repeated physical or visual proximity, unwanted communications, and/or threats sufficient to cause fear in a reasonable person.
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suitable target
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According to routine activities theory, a target for crime that is relatively valuable, easily transportable, and not capably guarded.
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target hardening
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Making one's home or business crime proof through the use of locks, bars, alarms, and other devices.
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victim precipitation view
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The idea that the victim's behavior was the spark that ignited the subsequent offense, as when the victim abused the offender verbally or physically.
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victim-witness assistance programs
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Government programs that help crime victims and witnesses; may include compensation, court services, and/or crisis intervention.
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victimologist
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A person who studies the victim's role in criminal transactions.
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