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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Penitentiary |
Institution intended to punish criminals by isolating them from society and from one another so they can reflect on their past misdeeds |
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Separate Confinement |
Penitentiary System in which each inmate was held in isolation from other inmates. All activities including craft work took place in the cells |
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Congregate System |
Penitentiary System in which each inmate was held in isolation during the night but worked and ate with other prisoners during the day under a rule of silence |
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Contract Labor System |
Inmate's labor was sold on a conctractual basis to private employers who provided the machinery and raw materials with which inmates made salable prodicts in the institution |
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Lease System |
Inmates were leased to contractors who provided prisoners with food and clothing in exchange for their labor |
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Reformatory |
Institution for young offenders that emphasizes training, a mark system of classification, indeterminate sentences, and parole |
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Mark System |
Point system in which prisoners can redice their term of imprisonment and gain release by earning "marks" or points through labor, good behavior and educational achievement |
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Rehabilitation Model |
Emphasizes the need to restore a convicted offender to a constructive place in society through some form of vocational or educational training or therapy |
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Medical Model
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Based on the assumption that criminal behavior is caused by biological and psychological condition that require treatment
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Community Corrections |
Based on the goal of reintegrating the offender into the community |
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Crime Control Model of Correcitons |
Model of corrections based on the assumption that criminal behavior can be controlled by more use of incarceration and other forms of strict supervision |
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Prison |
Institution for the incarceration of people convicted of serious crimes, usually felonies |
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Jail |
Institution authorized to hold pretrial detainees and sentenced misdemeanants for periods longer than 48 hours |
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Hands-off Policy |
Judges should not interfer with the administration of correctional instututions |
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Cooper v. Pate |
Prisoners are entitled to the protection of the Civil Rights Act of 1871 and may challenge in federal courts the conditions of their confinement |
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Hudson v. Palmer |
Prison officials have the authority to search cells and confiscate any materials found |
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Wolf v. McDonnell |
Basic elements of procedural due process must e present when decisions are made about imposing significant punishments on prisoners for violating institutional rules |
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Marrissey v. Brewer |
Due process rights require a prompt, informal, two-stage inquiry before an impartial hearing officer before parole may be revoked. The parolee may present relevant information and confront witnesses |
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Gagnon v. Scarpelli |
Before probation can be revoked, a two-stage hearing must be held and the offender provided with specific elements of due process. Requested counsel will be allowed on a case-by-case basis |
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Custodial Model of Incarceration |
Emphasizes security, discipline, and order |
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Rehabilitation Model of Incarceration |
Emphasizes treatment programs to help prisoners address the personal problems and issues that led them to commit crimes |
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Reintegration Model of Incarceration |
Emphasizes maintaining the offender's ties to family and community as a method of reform, recognizing that the offender will be returning to society |
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Inmate Code |
Values and norms of the prison social system that define the inmates' idea of the model prisoner |
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Doing Time |
View prison term as breif, inevitable break in their criminal careers, a cost of doing business |
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Gleaning |
Take advantage of prison programs in order to better themselves |
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Jailing |
Those who cut themselves off from the outside and try to construct a life within the prison |
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Classification |
Process of assigning an inmate to a category specifying his or her needs for security, treatment, and readiness for release |
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Parens Patriae |
The state as parent; the state as guardian and protector of all citizens who cannot protect themselves |
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In re Gault |
Juveniles have the right to counsel, to confront and examine accusers, and to have adequate notice of charges when confinement is a possible punishment |
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In re Winship |
The standard of proof beyond a reasonable doubt applies to juvenile delinquency proceedings |
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McKeiver v. Pennsylvania |
Juveniles do not have a constitutional right to a trial by jury |
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Breed v. Jones |
Juveniles cannot be found delinquent in juvenile court and then transferred to adult court without a hearing on the transfer; to do so violates the protection against double jeopardy |
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Status Offense |
Any act committed by a juvenile that is considered unacceptable for a child, such as truancy or running away from home, but that would not be a crime if it were committed by an adult |
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Schall v. Martin |
Juveniles can be held in preventive detention if there is concern that they may commit additional crimes while awaiting court action |
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Waiver |
Procedure by which the juvenile court waives its jurisdiction and transfers a juvenile case to the adult criminal court |
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Delinquent |
A child who has committed an act that if committed by an adult would be a criminal act |
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PINS |
Persons In Need of Supervision, a term that designates juveniles who are either status offenders or thought to be on the verge of trouble |
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Neglected Child |
Child who is recieving inadequate care because of some action or inaction of his or her parents |
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Dependent Child |
Child who has no parent or guardian or whose parents cannot give proper care |
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Diversion |
The process of screening children out of the juvenile justice system without a decision by the court |
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Detention Hearing |
Hearing by the juvenile court to determine if a juvenile is to be detained or released prior to adjudication |
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Adjudication |
Trial stage of the juvenile justice process |
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Aftercare |
Juvenile Justice equivalent of parile, in which a delinquent is released from a custodial sentence and supervised in the community
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