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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Babbage
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(1800s) First true pioneer of modern digital computing machines
Worked on two prototype calculating machines -Difference Engine -Analytical Engine |
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Difference Engine
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A special-purpose machine (designed to calculate and print navigational tables)
Used the “method of differences” to solve polynomials |
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Analytical Engine
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A general-purpose machine(programmable)
Based on the idea of the Jacquard loom Fabric pattern stored on punch cards Had the basic parts of every modern computer Input and Output “Mill” (processor) “Store” (memory) |
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Zuse
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(1936-43) designed number of general-purposecomputing machines
Used electromechanical relay switches (Not electronic yet) No longer based on levers and gears |
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Aiken and Hopper
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(1944) Harvard Mark I
Used by the Navy for ballistic and gunnery table calculations Electromechanical relays |
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Atanasoff
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(1939)ABC machine
First electronic digital computing machine (vacuum tubes instead of relays–smaller & faster) A special-purpose machine (for solving simultaneous equations) First to use binary numbers |
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Mechanical Devices
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The very first computing devices used mechanical levers and dials
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Electronic Relays
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After electricity, (1835)Electrical Relays
A great improvement over mechanical levers and gears Slow, heavy, prone to fouling |
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Electronic Vacuums
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(1940s)Electronic Vacuum tubes began to be used
Faster Very hot and prone to failure |
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Electronic Transistor
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(1950s) Electronic Transistor
“Solid state” Smaller, faster, more reliable, cheaper than vacuum tubes |
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Intergrated Circuits
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(1960s)Integrated Circuits
Large numbers of transistors on a single chip of silicon |
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VLSI (very large scale integration)
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(Today) VLSI (very large scale integration) circuits
Over 1,000,000,000 transistors on a single, tiny chip |
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Mauchly and Eckert
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(1946)UPENN
ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) First electronic, general-purpose, digital computer Manually programmed |
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ENIAC
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Commissioned by the US Army during WWII for computing ballistic firing tables
Manually programmed by boards, switches, and “digit trays” |
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von Neumann
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(1945) Developed the Stored Program concept
No more manual programming Published his ideas in 1945 |
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EDVAC
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(1949)von Neumann, Mauchley and Eckert design EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Computer) at U. Penn
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Turing
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(1943)Colossus
Used to crack the Nazis’ Enigma code |
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UNIVAC 1
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(1951)UNIVAC 1 Mauchley & Eckert
First commercial, general-purpose computer system Vacuum tubes Liquid mercury memory tanks |
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IMB System/360
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(1964)IBM System/360
Solid-state circuits(transistors and integrated circuits) Family of compatible models Defined the idea of“mainframe” for decades |
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DEC PDP series
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(1970’s)DEC PDP Series
“Minicomputers” Mainframe performance at a fraction of the cost |
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Cray 1
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(1976)Cray 1
“Supercomputers” High-performance systems for “number crunching” Advanced designs |