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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Explain FIVE reasons why a purchaser might favour an ‘output’ specification over a ‘conformance’ specification |
Output specifications are:
* Easier, quicker, cheaper, shorter |
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Outline FIVE characteristics of an effective specification. |
- Clear and unambiguous - concise and comprehensive - compliant with laws/regs - unbiased - free from jargon - logically structured - proper version control |
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Explain THREE reasons in favour of the purchasing function becoming involved in the drafting of a specification. |
ensuring that a good response can be obtained from a competitive market, by e.g. providing an independent review of the content and quality of the specification |
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Explain FOUR reasons why writing a specification for services may be more difficult than writing a specification for physical products. |
* Products are tangible, easier to assess for compliance to spec
* Products are more uniform, services are variable * Assessment of services is more subjective * Service contracts are longer duration so spec needs to accommodate for future change |
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Explain THREE reasons why a specification may not be effective in communicating requirements |
- Too detailed
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Describe THREE circumstances in which a conformance based specification could be used. |
- dimensions and weights are critical
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Explain ONE possible advantage and ONE possible disadvantage of involving suppliers in producing a specification. |
Advantages:
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Explain the reasons for using standards within specifications. |
- convenience facilitating international trade/communications; and variety reduction |
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Describe FOUR typical key performance indicators (KPIs) and outline how they might be used to measure performance in a contract. |
* Delivery
* Lead times * Quality * Prices * Risk management * Flexibility * Responsiveness * Technical support * Compliance * Environmental impacts * Timeliness of invoicing |
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Explain THREE different purposes of key performance indicators in contracts with suppliers. |
* Compare suppliers
* Make suppliers aware of their responsibilities * Identify underperformance by supplier * Identify good suppliers for future work |
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Describe TWO key performance indicators that could be included in a contract for catering services. |
* opening hours
* service and food availability * numbers of customers served * customer feedback from surveys or other channels * reports from a ‘mystery shopper’ on quality of service * portion control * breadth of menu * opening hours * numbers of customer complaints and/or plaudits * health and safety record; food quality * venue cleanliness |
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Describe FOUR typical key performance indicators (KPIs) and outline how they might be used to measure performance in a contract. |
* delivery
* lead times * quality, prices * risk management * Flexibility * Responsiveness * technical support * Compliance * environmental impacts * accuracy and timeliness of invoicing and other administrative and financial procedures |
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What are the key questions when drawing up a spec? |
Procurements five rights; 1. Quantity 2. Price 3. Product 4. Quality 5. Place/timing |
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List types of conformance specifications |
1. technical drawing 2. chemical formula 3. brand 4. sample 5. market grade 6. standard |
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What is the process of developing KPIs? |
1. identify critical success factors 2. identify measures of each factor 3. develop and agree KPI |
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What is benchmarking? |
- Comparing company performance to best in class - stimulate improvements |
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List the types of benchmarking? |
1. internal: within same org 2. compeitior 3. functional: same function different industry 4. generic: leaders in an attribute |