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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
THe first two weeks of development after conception; characterized by rapid cell dividion and the beginning of cell differentiation. This is the most hazardous period of development
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germinal period
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Approximately the third through the 8th week after conception; the period during which the basic forms of all body structures, including internal organs, develop
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embryonic period
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The stage of prenatal development from the ninth week after conceptionuntil birth; the period during which the organs of the developing person grow in size and mature in functioining. Brain maturation and weight gain occur throughout this period
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fetal period
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Beginning about a week after conception, the burrowing of the zygote into the lining of the uterus, where it can be nourished and protected during growth.
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implantation
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The name for the developing organism from about the third through the eigth week after conception
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embryo
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The name for the developing organism from the ninth week conception until birth.
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fetus
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THe age (about 22 weeks after conception) at which a fetus can survive outside the mother's uterus if specialized medical care is available
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age of viability
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Agents and conditions, including viruses, drugs and chemicals that can impair prenatal development and result in birth defects or even death
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teratogens
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Agents and conditions that can harm the prenatal brain, affecting the future child's intellectual and emotional functioning
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behavioral teratogens
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THe science of weighing the potential effects of a particular event, substance, or experience to determine the likelihood of harm.
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risk analysis
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In prenatal development, the time when a particular organ or other body part of the fetus is most susceptible to damage by teratogens
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critical period
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A situation in which a certain teratogen is relatively harmless in small doses but becomes harmful once exposure reaches a certain level
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threshold effect
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THe result of a combination of teratogens. Sometimes risk is greatly magnified when the embryo is exposed to more than one teratogen at the same time.
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interaction effect
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A cluster of birth defects, including abnormal facial characteristics, slow physical growth, and retarded mental development, caused by the mother's drinking alcohol when pregnant
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fetal alcohol syndrome
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THE virus that causes AIDS, in which the body's immune system is gradually overwhelmed and the individual becomes vulnerable to opportunistic infections
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Human immunodeficiency virus
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A body weight at birth of less than 5.5 lbs. The cause could be slow growth during prenatal development or birth before 36 weeks of gestation, or both
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low birth weight
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A body weight at birth of less than 3 pounds
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very low birth weight
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A body weight at birth of less than 2 pounds
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extremely low birthweight
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Bith that occurs 3 weeks or more before the full term of pregnancy has elapsed- that is, at 35 or fewer weeks after conception
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preterm birth
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A term for a baby whose birthweight is significantly lower than expected, given the time since conception.
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small for gestational age
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A quick assesment of a new born's body functioning. THe baby's color, heart rate, reflexes, muscle tone and respiratory effort are scored (0-2) twice, at one minute and 5 minutes after birth, and the total scores are compared with the ideal score
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Apgar scale
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A surgical birth. Incisions through the mother's abdomen and uterus allow the fetus to be removed quickly, instead of being delivered through the vagina
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cesarean section
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A woman who helps with the birth process. TRaditionally in Latin America, like a midwife, the only professional who attended the birth process. NOw work alongside a hospital's medical staff
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doula
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A disorder that results from damage to the brain's motor centers. People have difficulty with muscle control
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cerebral palsy
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A lack of oxygen that, if prolonged during birth, can cause brain damage or death
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anoxia
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Care that occurs when the mother of a low weight infant spends at least an hour a day holding the infant between her breasts
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kangaroo care
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cooperation between mother and father based on their mutual commitment to their children. Parents agree to support eachother in their shared parental roles
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parental alliance
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A mother's feelings of sadness, inadequacy and hopelessness in the days and weeks after giving birth.
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postpartum depression
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THe strong, loving connection that forms as parents hold their newborn. Bonding probably begins beofre birth and continues throughout infancy
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parent-infant bond
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