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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
phonology
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Fundamental sound units and combinations of units in a given language.
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semantics
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Meanings of words or combinations of words
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grammar
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Rules pertaining to the structure of language
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syntax
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Grammatical rules that dictate how words can be combined
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morphology
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Rules for how to combine the smallest meaningful units of language to form words
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pragmatics
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Rules for using language effectively within a social context
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prosody
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Patterns of intonation, stress, and rhythm that communicate meaning in speech
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cooing
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Vowel-like utterances that characterize the infant's first attempts to vocalize
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babbling
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Consonant-vowell utterances that chracterize the infant's first attempts to vocalize
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canonical babbling
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Repetition of simple consonant-vowel combinations in well-formed syllables
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protodeclarative communication
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Use of a gesture to call attention to an object or event
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protoimperative communication
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Use of a gesture to issue a comman or request
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nominals
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Words that label objects, people, or events; the first type of words mose children produce
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vocabulary spurt
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Period of rapid word acquisition that typically occurs early in language development
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underextension
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Application of a label to a narrower class of objects than the term signifies
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overextension
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Tendency to apply a label to a broader category than the term actually signifies
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receptive language
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Ability to comprehend spoken speech
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productive language
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Meaningful language spoken or otherwise produced by an individual
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referential style
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Type of early language production in which the child uses mostly nominals
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expressive style
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Type of early language production in which the child uses many social words
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fast-mapping
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Deriving meanings of words from the contexts in which they are spoken
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mutual exclusivity bias
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Tendency for children to assume that unfamiliar words label new objects
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joint attention
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Episodes in which the child shares the same"psychological space" with another individual
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telegraphic speech
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Early two-word speech that contains few modifiers, prepositions, or other connective words
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overregularization
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Inappropriate application of syntactic rules to words and grammatical forms that show exception
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semantic bootstrapping hypothesis
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Idea that children derive information about syntax from the meanings of words
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referential communication
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Communication in situations that require the speaker to describe an object to a listener or to evaluate the effectiveness of a message
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metalinguistic awareness
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Ability to reflect on language as a communication tool and on the self as a user of language
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metaphor
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Figurative language in which a term in transferred from the object it customarily designates to describe an object or event in another context
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Broca's area
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Portion of the cerebral cortex that controls expressive language
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expressive aphasia
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Loss of the ability to speak fluently
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Wernicke's area
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Portion of the cerebral cortex that controls language comprehension
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receptive aphasia
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Loss of the ability to comprehend speech
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motherese/parentese
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Simple, repetitive, high-pitched speech of caregivers to young children; includes many questions
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turn taking
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Alternating vocalization by parent and child
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turnabout
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Element of conversation that requests a response from the child
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recast
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Repetition of a child's utterance along with grammatical corrections
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expansion
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Repetition of a child's utterance along with more complex forms
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private speech
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Children's vocalized speech to themselves that directs behavior
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inner speech
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Interiorized form of private speech
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