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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Phenothiazines |
A group of drugs used to treat psychosis. (Henri Laborit, first tested with chlorpromazine) |
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Neuroleptic/Antipsychotic/Tranquilizer |
Terms for antipsychotic drugs. We now separate into conventional antipsychotics (pre-1990s) or atypical (last ten years). |
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"Dirty" drugs |
Drugs that block many types of receptors beyond the type you want to block. |
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Mechanism of Action - Antipsychotic |
Initially they block D2 dopamine receptors. Then, 10-14 days later (after a "lag period") they have antipsychotic effect. |
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Clozapine |
Produces less pseudoparkinsonism than other neuroleptics. However, may suppress white blood cell production (can be deadly). Blocks both D2 dopamine and 5HT2A serotonin receptors. |
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Pseudoparkinsonism |
Tremors and muscular rigidity that results from medications |
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Agranulocytosis |
Low white blood cell count of unknown origin (sometimes develops in early stages of treatment with antipsychotics) |
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Tardive Dyskinesia ("late-appearing abnormal movements") |
Appears after years of antipsychotic drug treatment. Due to supersensitivity of the dopaminergic receptors. Rhythmic, repetitive sucking and smacking movements of lips, thrusting of tongue, and movements of arms, toes, or fingers. |
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Monoamine Oxidase |
Enzyme involved in breakdown of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine |
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MAOIs |
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors: Anti-depressent that inhibits the MAO enzyme, increasing availability of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine at the synapse.
MAOIs alter the normal metabolism of the dietary amino acid tyramine. If a person eats food with high tyramine content (aged cheese), hypertensive crisis (high blood pressure) will occur. First MAOIs discovered were Iproniazid and isoniazid, which were meant to treat tuberculosis in 1952. |
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Tricyclic |
Originally found while searching for a better phenothiazine antipsychotic (which in turn had been found while searching for a better antihistamine) Tricyclic antidepressants interfere with the reuptake into the terminal of norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin. |
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Selective Reuptake Inhibitors (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Selective Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors) |
As the name describes, these inhibitors select for specific neurotransmitters (Norepinephrine or Serotonin) and inhibit their reuptake from the synapse back into the axon terminal. |
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Lithium |
Drug used to treat mania and bipolar disease (1949 - Australian John Cade) Lithium is the single most effective psychotherapeutic agent available, but most patients don't like to take it. |
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Various mood stabilizers |
Valproic Acid (Depakote), carbamazepine (Tegretol) and lamotrigine (Lamictal) |