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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Schedule I
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Non research use illegal
No medical use high addiction potential Heroin, LSD, MDA, mescaline, peyote, psilocybin, PCP, marijuana, methaqualone |
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Schedule II
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No telephone script/refills
Medical use w/ high add pot Strong opiods, amphetamine, cocaine, barbiturates |
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Schedule III
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Script must be rewritten after 6 mo or 5 refills
Medical use w/ mod abuse Weak opoids, benzphetamine, thiopental, dronabinol, steroids, ketamine |
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Schedule IV
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Script rewritten after 6 mo/5 refills
Penalties for illegal possession mixed opoid, benzodiazepines |
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Schedule V
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Script same as all other nonopoids
can be dispensed w/o script low doses codeine or mixed opoid |
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Psychological Dependence
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compulsive drug seeking behavior for personal satisfaction despite known risks
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Physical dependence
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need to take drug to avoid withdraw sx
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Abuse
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Failure to fulfill obligations
Hazardous situations recurrent legal problems social problems |
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Dopamine in Drug Abuse
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NT in reward pathway
Released by Nucleus Accumbens |
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Motive Circuit
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Gain control mechanism that determines behavioral response to a given stimulus
Increased gain by repeated administration |
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Where does Impulse arise from?
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Amygdala along with emotions and basic impulses
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How do we decide which impulses to act on?
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Control of the prefrontal cortex with the actual output from NA
Sailence of a behavioral event comes from ventral tegmental area Most addicts have poor frontal cortex function |
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Opiod Information
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First Pass Metabolism - need IV
Tolerance Strong Mu agonist with high abuse |
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Opiod Overdose
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Constricted pupils
Respiratory Depression Hypotension Clammy skin, nausea, drowsiness Coma, death |
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Opiod Withdraw
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8-10 hrs
Lacrimation, rhinorrhea, yawning, sweating Tremor, weakness, chills, nausea,cramps, hyperapnea |
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Opiod Treatment
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Airway with Naloxone
Clonidine - prevent inc catechol Methadone for detox |
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Sedative Hypnotic Examples
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Ethanol
Barbiurates Benzodiazepines |
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Sedative Hypnotic General
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activators of GABA A
effects are dose dependent Medium duration have the worst withdraw b/c long ones have built in tapering |
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Alcohol Overdose/Effects (Same for Barbiturates)
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Slurred Speech, unsteady gait, nystagmus, lack of coordination, mood changes
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Alcohol Withdraw
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Tremor, tachycardia, insomnia, seizures, delusions, hypertension
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Alcohol Treatment (Same for Barbituates)
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Clonidine, lorazapam, chlordiazepoxide, Disulfiram
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Barbiturate Withdraw
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Anxiety, seizures, hypertension, irratibility
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Benzodiazepine Overdose/Effects
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CNS depression, Respiratory Depression
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Benzodiazepines Withdraw
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Anxiety, hypertension, irratability
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Caffeine Effects
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CNS and Cardiac stimulation, coronary vasodilation, relaxes sm, stimulates sk m, weak diuretic, hypogylcemia
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Caffeine withdraw
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> 6 cups/day
Tachycardia, headache, fatigue Need to taper |
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Caffeine General Info
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Methylxanthine
peak blood conc. 1-1.5 hr Halflife 3-6 hr Block adenosine receptors (usually neg mod role) Inhibit phosphodiesterase |
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Nicotine Central effects
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Stimulation of electroencephalographic activity, euphoriant activity, dopamine release, release catecholamines, alert but relaxed
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Nicotine Withrdaw
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Irratible, impatient, anxiety, dysphoric, restlessness, decreased hr, weight gain
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Nicotine Treatment
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Nicotine replacement, Clonidien for anxiety and cravinngs, Nortriptyline and Bupropion and Fluoxetine
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Cocaine Effects
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Acute - Inc HR/BP, Inc arousal
Chronic - anxiety, depression, psychosis Blocks dopamine transporter so more dopamine around |
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Cocaine Toxicity
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No real withdraw syndrome
Overdosease are fatal cardiac problems, cerebral vasoconstriction, seizures |
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Cocaine Treatment
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Despiramine TCA for blocking norepi uptake to dec desire for cocaine
Floxetine to help depression |
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Amphetamine Effects
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Pupil dilation
Increased alertness paranoid schizophrenia like sx - delusions, then exhaustion Necrotizing arteritis, brain hemorrhage, renal failure, severe acute hypertensive episodes |
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Amphetamine withdraw
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Rarely fatal overdoses - tx with haloperidol
Withdraw for many weeks - strong appetite, exhaustion, mental depression |
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Methamphetamine Info
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Stimulates Noradrenergic neurons
more potent/longer acting than amphetamines Tx ADHD, narcalepsy, obesity |
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MDMA(ectasy)
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Increase free serotonin
Hallucinogenic, reduces inhibitions, medweek blues, teeth clenching, blurred vision, incr hr/bp Death from overheating/dehydra |
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MDA
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More toxici and more hallucinogenic than MDMA
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PMA
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paramethoxamphetamine
more potent than MDA or MDMA |
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LSD
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Hyperarousal, visual and audiotry distortion,change in sense of time, impaired memory, poor judgement, paresthesias, weakness, nausea, increase BP/HR, dilated pupils
May be 5HT2 agonsit, |
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PCP
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Phencyclidine
detachment, disorientation, loss proprioception, nystagmus, incr hr/bp May block uptake of dopamine Reckless acts |
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Marijuana
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High and mellow - laugh, hungry, sharp vision, anxious, dream state
Incr hr, conjunctiva injection Can dec testosterone levels, chronic bronchitis, CA No withdraw sx Antiemetic, glaucoma, |
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Nitric Oxide
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Dreaminess, euphoria, numbness, tingling
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