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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The functions of the musculoskeletal system are:
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- To give the body shape
- To protect the internal organs - To provide for movement |
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What are the three kinds of muscles?
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Voluntary (Skeletal)
Involuntary (Smooth) Cardiac |
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Muscles that are found in the walls of organs and help move food through the digestive system
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Involuntary Muscles
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Muscles found on the walls of the heart
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Cardiac Muscles
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Muscles that are under the control of a person's will.
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Voluntary Muscles
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Most voluntray muscles are attached at one or both ends to the skeleton. True or false
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True.
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Composed of specialized connective tissue, ______ connect muscle to bone.
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Tendons.
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Composed of specialezed connective tissue, _______ connect bone to bone.
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Ligaments.
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Places where bones meet?
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Joints
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The 6 basic components of the skeletal system are?
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Skull, Spinal Column, Thorax, Pelvis, Lower Extremities, and Upper Extremities.
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A broken bone is a _______
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Fracture
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An injury to a muscle or muscle and tendon that have been overextended or stretched is a ________
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Strain
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An injury to a joint with possible damage to or tearing of ligaments
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Sprain.
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The displacement of a bone from its normal position in a joint.
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Dislocation.
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3 Forces cause bone and joint injury:
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Direct Force
Indirect Force Twisting Force |
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Direct Force
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direct blow, occurs at the point of impact.
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Indirect Force
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The force impacts on one end or a limb, causing injury some distance away from the point of impact. (brace yourself on fall, sprain wrist 'direct force', dislocate ipsilateral shoulder 'Indirect force.'
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Twisting Force
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one part of the extremity remains stationary while the rest twists.
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What two types of fractures are considered to be critical injuries?
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Femur and Pelvis.
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How many liters of blood can be lost in a femur fracture?
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Approximately 1-2 liters
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How many liters of blood can be lost in a pelvic fracture?
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Approximately 2 liters.
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If a patient has a life-threatening condition that is not directly related to the or caused by the extremity injury you should?
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Initiate Transport and if time permits, during transport immobilize the injury.
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Pulseness and cyanosis distal to an injury is not a serious condition. True or False
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False, Transport this patient immediately after immobilizing the injury, immeidately following your focused history and physical exam.
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DCAP-BTLS stands for:
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Deformities, Contusions, Abrasions, Punctures and Penetrations - Burns, Tenderness, lacerations, and Swelling.
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SAMPLE stands for:
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Signs/Symptoms, Allergies, Medications, Pertinent Past History, Last Oral Intake and Events leading to call for assistance.
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Bone and Joint injuries can be one of two types:
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Closed or Open
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Injury in which the overlying skin is intact is _______ injury
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Closed
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Injury in which an open wound is associated with the fracture; bone may or may not protrude through the wound.
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Open
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Signs and Symptoms of Bone and Joint Injury:
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Deformity or Angulation
Pain and Tenderness Grating or Crepitus Swelling Disfigurement Severe Weakness/loss of func. Bruising (discoloration) Exposed bone ends Joint locked into position. |
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The sound or feeling of broken fragments of bone grinding against each other
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Crepitus
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Pt reports he twisted his ankle while playing soccer, there is some swelling, however no extreme deformity or pertruding bones. What should you do?
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Treat the pt as if he has a sprain, strain, dislocation, or broken bone and provide appropriate medical treatment.
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List steps to properly immoblize a suspected fracture.
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1. BSI
2. Adminster Oxygen if needed 3. In-line spinal stabilization 4. Splint bone/joint injury 5. Apply cold packs 6. Elevate the extremity 7. Transport. |
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Any device used to immobilize a body part is a ______
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Splint
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Any splint can be commerically manufactured or it can be improvised from virtually any objects that can provide stability. True or False
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True
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What are the two reasons for splinting a bone?
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1. prevents movement of bone fragments, bone ends, or dislocated joints.
2. Reduce pain and minimize further complications from injury. |
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PMS Stands for
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Pulse, Motor function, and sensation.
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PMS should be evaulated every _____ minutes after applying the splint.
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15
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When in doubt, splint the injury.
True or False |
True
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What are the Three phases of Trauma Care.
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Pre-Crash
Crash Post-Crash |
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How a person was injured is also known as...
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Mechanism of Injury
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The science of analyzing mechanisms of injury, predicts the kind and extent of injuries as a basis for your priority decisions regarding continuing assesment, care, and transport.
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Kinetics of Trauma
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Kinetics
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The branch of mechanics dealing with the motions of material bodies.
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The energy contained in a moving body or bodies is called,...
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Kinetic Energy
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The amount of kinetic engergy a moving body contains depends on two factors:
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Mass x Velocity(squared)
Divided by 2 |
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Law of Inertia
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A body at rest will remain at rest, and a body in motion will remain in motion, unless acted upon by an outside force.
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The rate at which a body in motion increases is known as:
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Acceleration
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The rate at which a body in motion decreases speed is known as:
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Deceleration
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In regular vehicular collisions, there are 3 types of collisions:
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Vehicle Collision
Body Collision Organ Collision |
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The fall is the most common and most deadly mechanism of injury.
True or False |
False, the fall is the most common, however, vehicle collisions attribute to 1/3 of all deaths of trauma.
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A brief period of unresponsiveness or disorientation followed by a return of alertness may be a sign of;
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Brain injury.
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5 Classifications of Motor Vehicle Accidents:
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Frontal
Rear-end Lateral Rotating and Rollovers |
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Frontal Impacts (MVA):
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Open and over the steering wheel, or down and under the steering wheel.
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The chance of sustaining an injury is increased by ____% when an occupant is ejected.
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300
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The chance of cervical spine injury is increased by _____% if an occupant is ejected.
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1300
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Up and Over Pathway or Full/partial ejection; you should look for what types of injuries:
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abdomen, chest, face, head and neck.
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Down and Under Pathway, you should look for injuries of the:
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knees, femurs, hips, acetabulum, and spine.
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A child who is about to be hit by a vehicle, whether walking or riding a bike turns toward the oncoming vehicle.
True or False |
True.
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An Adult pedestrian being struck by a vehicle turns toward the oncoming vehicle.
True or False |
False, the adult turns away from the vehicle, causing the injuries to generally be on the side of the body.
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Three types of Motorcycle collisions:
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Head On Impact
Angular Impact Ejection |
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In falls greater than ____ ft, internal organs are likely to be injured from deceleration forces; the liver, spleen, kidney and heart
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20 feet
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Falls from ____ x the person's height, will most likely result in a spinal injury.
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3 x the person's height.
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