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121 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
story where people (or things or actions) represent an idea or generalization about life; usually contains a strong lesson or moral
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Allegory
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repetition of initial consonant sounds in words, i.e. "Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers"
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Alliteration
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reference to a familar person, place, thing, or event, i.e. Bible, Everyman
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Allusion
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comparison of objects or ideas that appear to be different but are alike in some important way
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Analogy
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meter composed of feet that are short-short-long or unaccented-unaccented-accented; usually used in light or whimsical poetry, such as limerick
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Anapestic meter
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brief story that illustrates or makes a point
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Anecdote
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person or thing working against the hero of a literary work
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Antagonist
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wise saying, usually short and written
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Aphorism
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turn from the general audience to address a specific group of persons (or a personified abstraction) who is present or absent, i.e. Hamlet's monologue
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Apostrophe
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repetition of hte same sound in words close to one another, i.e. white stripes
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Assonance
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unrhymed verse, often occurring in iambic pentameter
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Blank verse
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break in the rhythm of language, particularly a natural pause in a line of verse, marked in prosody by a double vertical line (")
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Caesura
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method an author uses to let readers know more about the characters and their personal traits
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Characterization
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expression that has been used so often that it loses its expressive power
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Cliche
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repetition of the final consonant sound in words containing different vowels, i.e. "stroke of luck"
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Consonance
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stanza made up of two rhyming lines
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Couplet
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author's choice of words based on their clearness, conciseness, effectiveness, and authenticity
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Diction
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form of diction using old-fashioned words that are no longer used in common speech, i.e. thee, thy, thou
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Archaic
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form of diction using expressions that are usually accepted in informal situations or regions, i.e. "wicked awesome"
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Colloquialism
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form of diction using a variety of language used by people from a particular geographic area
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Dialect
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form of diction using specialized language used in a particular field or content area, i.e. differentiated instruction, cooperative learning, authentic assessment (in the field of education)
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Jargon
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form of diction using language that shows disrespect for others or something sacred
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Profanity
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form of diction using informal language used by a particular group of people among themselves
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Slang
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form of diction using language widely considered crude, disgusting, and oftentimes offensive
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Vulgarity
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rhyming at the ends of lines of verse
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End rhyme
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run-on line in poetry wherein one line ends and continues onto the next line to complete meaning
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Enjambment
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philosophy valuing human freedom and personal responsibility: Sartre, Kierkegaard, Camus, Nietzsche, Kafka, Beauvoir
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Existentialism
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literary device in which the author jumps back in time in the chronology of a narrative
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Flashback
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one stressed syllable and a number of unstressed syllables (0-4)
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Foot
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unstressed, stressed
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Iambic foot
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stressed, unstressed
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Trochaic foot
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unstressed, unstressed, stressed
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Anapestic foot
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stressed, unstressed, unstressed
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Dactylic foot
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one foot
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Monometer
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two feet
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Dimeter
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three feet
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Trimeter
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four feet
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Tetrameter
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five feet
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Pentameter
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six feet
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Hexameter
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seven feet
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Septameter
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eight feet
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Octameter
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verse containing an irregular metrical pattern and line length; vers libre
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Free verse
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category of literature defined by style, form, and content
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Genre
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pair of lines of poetic verse written in iambic pentameter
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Heroic couplet
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flaw leading to the downfall of a tragic hero; based on Greek for "excessive pride"
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Hubris
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exaggeration for emphasis or rhetorical effect
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Hyperbole
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use of words to create pictures in the reader's mind
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Imagery
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rhyme occurring within a line of verse
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Internal rhyme
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use of a word or phrase to mean the exact opposite of its literal or expected meaning
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Irony
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type of irony wherein the reader sees a character's errors, but the character does not
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Dramatic Irony
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type of irony wherein the write says one thing and means another
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Verbal irony
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type of irony wherein the purpose of a particular action differs greatly from the result
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Situational Irony
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type of pun that results when two words become mixed up in the speaker's mind, i.e. "don't put the horse before the cart"
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Malapropism
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figure of speech in which a comparison is implied but not stated, i.e. "this winter is a bear"
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Metaphor
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rhythmical pattern in verse made up of stressed and unstressed syllables
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Meter
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feeling a text evokes in the reader, such as sadness, tranquility, or elation
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Mood
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lesson a work of literature is teaching
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Moral
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telling of a story
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Narration
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use of sound words to suggest meaning, i.e. buzz, click
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Onomatopoeia
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phrase consisting of two contradictory terms, i.e. "deafening silence"
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Oxymoron
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contradictory statement that makes sense, i.e. "man learns from history that man learns nothing from history"
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Paradox
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literary device in which animals, ideas, and things are represented as having human traits
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Personification
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perspective from which a story is told
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Point of View (POV)
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story is told from the POV of one character
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First person POV
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story is told by someone outside the story
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Third person POV
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narrator of the story shares the thoughts and feelings of all the characters
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Omniscient POV
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narrator shares the thoughts and feelings of one character
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Limited omniscient POV
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narrator records the action from his or her POV, unaware of any of the other characters' thoughts or feelings; also known as objective view
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Camara view POV
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repetition of a line or phrase of a poem at regular intervals, particularly at the end of each stanza
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Refrain
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mutliple use of a word, phrase, or idea for emphasis or rhythmic effect
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Repetition
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persuasive writing
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Rhetoric
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regular or random occurrence of sound in poetry
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Rhythm
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time and place in which the action of a story takes place
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Setting
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comparison of two unlike things, usually including the words like or as
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Simile
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how the author uses words, phrases, and sentences to form ideas
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Style
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a person, place, thing, or event used to represent something else, such as the white flag for surrendering
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Symbol
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overall feeling created by an author's use of words
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Tone
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mid-19th c. New England writing philosophical movement protesting Puritan ethic and materialism and valuing individualism, freedom, experimentation, and spirituality; Emerson, Hawthorne, Thorequ, Longfellow, Holmes
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Transcendentalism
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metric line of poetry
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Verse
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disctinctive features of a person's speech and speech patterns
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Voice
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short poem, often written by an anonymous author, comprised of short verses intended to be sung or recited
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Ballad
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main section of a long poem
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Canto
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poem that is a mournful lament for the dead
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Elegy
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long narrative poem detailing a hero's deeds
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Epic
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type of Japanese poem written in 17 syllables with three lines of five, seven, and five syllables, respectively and expressing a single thought
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Haiku
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humorous verse form of five anapestic lines with a rhyme scheme of aabba
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Limerick
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short poem about personal feelings and emotions
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Lyric
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fourteen-line poem, usually written in iambic pentameter, with a varied rhyme scheme
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Sonnet
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type of sonnet opening with an octave that states a proposition and ends with a sestet that states the solution
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Petrachan Sonnet
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type of sonnet including three quatrains and a couplet
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Shakespearean Sonnet
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division of poetry named for the number of lines it contains
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Stanza
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two-line stanza
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Couplet
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three-line stanza
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Triplet
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four-line stanza
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Quatrain
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five-line stanza
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Quintet
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six-line stanza
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Sestet
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seven-line stanza
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Septet
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eight-line stanza
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Octave
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short story or folktale that contains a moral, which may be expressed explicitly at the end as a maxim; Aesop
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Fable
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narrative that is made up of fantastic characters and creatures, such as witches, goblis, and fairies, and usually begins with the phrase "once upon a time"
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Fairy tale
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genre that uses magic and other supernatural forms as a primary element of plot, theme, and/or setting; Tolkien, Lewis, William Morris
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Fantasy
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narrative form, such as an epic, legend, myth, song, poem, or fable, that has been retold withing a culture for generations; Virginia Hamilton, Alvin Schwartz
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Folktale
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narrative technique in which the main story is composed primarily for hte purpose of organizing a set of shorter stories, each of which is a story within a story; Chaucer, Ovid, Bronte, Boccaccio
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Frame tale
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narrative fiction set in some earlier time and often contiaining historically authentic people. places, or events
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Historical fiction
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fiction that is intended to frighten, unsettle, or scare the reader; King, Shelley, Bradbury, Poe
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Horror
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narrative about human actions that is perceived by both the teller and the listeners to have taken place within human history and that possesses certain qualities that give the tale the appearance of truth or reality; King Arthur, The Holy Grail
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Legend
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suspenseful story that deals with a puzzling crime; Poe, Dickens
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Mystery
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narrative fiction that involves gods and heroes or has a theme that expresses a culture's ideology
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Myth
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extended fictional prose narrative
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Novel
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short narrative, usually between 50 and 100 pages long; Animal Farm, Metamorphosis
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Novella
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text or performance that imitates and mocks an author or work
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Parody
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novel comprised of idealized events far removed from everyday life; Frankenstein, Troilus and Cressida, King Horn
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Romance
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literature that makes fun of social conventions of conditions, usually to evoke change
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Satire
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fiction that deals with the current or future development of technological advances; Slaughterhouse-Five, 1984, Brave New World, Fahrenheit 451
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Science fiction
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brief fictional prose narrative; "The Lottery," "Rip van Winkle," "The Horse Dealer's Daughter," "The Hound of the Baskervilles," Dorothy Parker's "Big Blond"
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Short story
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literature, often drama, ending in a catastrophic event for the protagonist(s) after he or she faces several problems or conflicts
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Tragedy
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novel set in the western U.S. featuring the experiences of cowboys and frontiersmen; Grey's Riders of the Purple Sage, Trail Drive; McMurty's Lonesome Dove; Richter's The Sea of Grass; Stiker's The Lone Ranger; Wister's The Virginian
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Western
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a person's account of his or her own life
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Autobiography
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story about a person's life written by another person
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Biography
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expository piece written with eloquence that becomes part of the recognized literature of an era; often reveal historical factssocial mores, and thoughts and personailty of the author; Bible, Koran, Constitution, Mein Kampf
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Document (letter, diary, journal)
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document organized in paragraph form that can be long or short and can be in the form of a letter, dialogue, or discussion; Orwell's Politics and the English Language, Emerson's The American Scholar; Pope' Moral Essays
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Essay
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