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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
many tropical plants circumvent the loss of carbon fixation due to oxygen by using a four carbon synthesis (C4) metabolism. the special cells of these plants, which can carry out C4 synthesis are.. |
bundle sheath cells
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in eukaryotes, the glycolytic reactions take place in the.. |
cytoplasm of the cell |
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membrane proteins serve many functions. one of the functions is transportation of substances across the membrane. if a cell biologist placed cells into an environment in which an ATP inhibitory chemical, that affects only the cell membrane, has been added; what process will be blocked? |
active transport |
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a method devised by succulent desert plants to reduce the problem of photorespiration is.. |
the CAM metabolism |
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the oxygen utilized in cellular respiration finally shows up as.. |
H2O |
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the turgor pressure observed in plants is a direct result of the plant cells being what to their environment.. |
hyperosmotic |
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oxidation and reduction reactions are chemical processes that result in a gain or loss in... |
electrons
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the sites where molecules other than substrates bind in an enzyme to alter its activity are called.. |
allosteric sites |
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life's ultimate source of energy is derived from.. |
the sun |
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the organic non-protein components that aid in enzyme functioning are called.. |
coenzymes |
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a calorie is the commonly used unit of chemical energy. it is also the unit of.. |
heat |
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in the absorbance of oxygen, hydrogen atoms generated by glycolysis are donated to organic molecules in a process called.. |
fermentation |
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ATP gives up energy when it is converted to.. |
ADP and phosphate |
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as energy is being reconverted through the many forms, it is continuously lost as... |
heat |
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the Second Law of Thermodynamics simply states that... |
energy is constantly being lost as heat in the universe |
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what is not a component of an animal cell membrane? |
polynucleotides |
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reactions that occur spontaneously and release free energy are called.. |
exergonic reactions |
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the chief energy currency of all cells is a molecule called.. |
ATP |
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the movement of substances to regions of lower concentration is called.. |
diffusion |
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the decarboxylation of pyruvate produces.. |
NADH, acetylCoA, and CO2 |
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carrier-mediated transport is also called.. |
facilitated diffusion |
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the inorganic non-protein components that participate in enzyme catalysis are known as.. |
cofactors |
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the accumulation of amino acids and sugars in animal cells occurs through the.. |
coupled transport |
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the part of a membrane protein that extends through the phospholipid bilayer is primarily composed of amino acids that are.. |
non-polar |
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the first stage of cellular respiration, and the oldest in terms of evolution is.. |
glycolysis |
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in bacteria, fungi, and plants the high internal pressure generated by osmosis is counteracted by the mechanical strength of their.. |
cell walls |
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most of the atmospheric oxygen occurs as a result of photosynthesis, what is the oxygen derived? |
water |
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chemiosmotic generation of ATP is driven by.. |
a difference in H+ concentration on the two sides of the mitochondrial membrane |
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if a blood research laboratory is attempting to collect the content of human red blood cells, the researchers should use what type of solution to cause blood cell lysis (bursting)? |
hypotonic |
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on the outer surface of the plasma membrane there are marker molecules that identify the cell-type, often these molecules are.. |
carbohydrate chains |
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cholesterol functions in the plasma membrane to.. |
maintain fluidity |
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in muscle cells, fermentation produces not alcohol but.. |
lactate |
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the Fluid Mosaic Model proposed by Singer and Nicolson in 1972 included that... |
the cell membrane was composed of a phospholipid bilayer with globular proteins actually inserted into the bilayer |
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a single glucose molecule can drive the Krebs cycle... |
two turns |
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if a cell has the same concentration of dissolved molecules as of its outside environment, the cell's condition is called as being.. |
isotonic |
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RNA molecules that have been recently reported to act also as enzymes are given the name.. |
ribozymes |
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since membranes are relatively impermeable to ions, most of the protons re-enter the matrix by passing through special channels in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Because of the inward flow of protons these channels allow the release of.. |
ATP |
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the process often thought of as "cell eating" is.. |
phagocytes |
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in oxidative respiration, energy is harvested from glucose molecules in a sequence of four major pathways. What is not one of these four pathways? |
beta oxidation of fatty acid |
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enzymes have specific what with which they interact.. |
substrates |
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a molecule that stores energy by linking charged phosphate groups near each other is called... |
ATP |
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under standard conditions, ATP can release for every molecule.. |
7.3 Kcal of energy |
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this coenzyme will accept an electron and is used in harvesting energy during glycolysis and fermentation. |
NAD+ |
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the reaction, C6H12O6 + 6O2= 6CO2 + 6 H2O, when it occurs in living cells is known as.. |
aerobic respiration |
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the type of diffusion that is specific and passive, and which becomes saturated if all the protein carriers are in use is.. |
facilitated diffusion |
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yeast cells under anaerobic conditions... |
produce ethyl alcohol |
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osmosis cal only occur if water travels through the.. |
semi-permeable membrane |
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the First Law of Thermodynamics simply states that.. |
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, just changed from one form to another. |
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a type of transport of a solute across a membrane, up its concentration gradient, using protein carriers driven by the expenditure of chemical energy is known as... |
active transport |
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what is not part of the light-dependent reactions? |
Calvin Cycle |
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protein catalysts that speed up the various metabolic biological reactions in an organism are called.. |
enzymes |
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reactions that do not proceed spontaneously because they require energy from an outside source are called.. |
endergonic |
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in an enzyme catalyzed reaction the reactant is called.. |
substrate |
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what is not apart of the end products of glycolysis? |
FADH2 |
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at least 90% of organisms on the earth are heterotrophs. Examples do not include.. |
plants |