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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what is naturalistic research
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occurs behavior as it occurs in everyday life.
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examples of naturalistic research
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observational research
archival research |
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what is the advantage of naturalistic research?
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ecological validity, the study resembles "real life"
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Observational research
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observing behavior and objectively recording observations
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in doing observational research, you need to decide if the researcher will...
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be the participant or observer, and whether the researcher will be acknowledged, or unacknowledged
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Advantages to an unacknowledged participant
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concealment (no reactivity)
intimacy (more details) no time wasted no worrying about blown cover may keep observation more objective |
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disadvantages to an unacknowledged participant
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intimacy (biases and judgements)
ethical dilemmas (violation of privacy) reactivity when observer role is known ethical concerns when unacknowledged. and researchers participation influences behavior on those observed. |
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advantages to acknowledged participants
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less serious ethical dilemma
easier to get permission |
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disadvantages to acknowledged participants
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reactivity, and researchers participation still influences behavior of participants
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case studies
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extensive data collected from one or a very few individuals
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case studies usually focus on those with...
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atypical characteristics or experiences (psychopathology)
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in case studies, it is hoped that
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richness of detail will lead to insights that can be tested on larger samples
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systematic observation
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involves specifying ahead of time exactly which observations are to be made on which people at which times and places.
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behavioral categories
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specific set of behaviors to observe, they are defined before the project begins, if precise should yield high interrater reliability
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event sampling
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focusing observation on specific theoretically important behaviors
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individual sampling
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randomly selecting a participant to be the focus of all observation for a period of time
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time sampling
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collecting data in only pre-specified times instead of continuously
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what are the 2 indirect observational methods
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physical traces, archival records
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physical traces
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the remnants, products and fragments of past behavior
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archival records
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the public and private documents that describe the activities of individuals institutions governments and other groups
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What are the types of physical traits?
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Use traces and a products
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use traces
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evidence that remains from the use of the nonuse of an item
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What are some examples of use traces?
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Clock settings, cigarette butts, marks in a textbook.. What do individuals use. Bumper sticker use to measure expressiveness
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products
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creations, constructions, or other artifacts from earlier behavior
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What are some examples of products?
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Purchased groceries, homes built
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What are types of use traces?
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Natural, controlled, products,
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natural
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Produced without any intervention by the investigator
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example of natural
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measuring the amount of highlighting in a textbook to assess textbook use.
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controlled
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produced with some degree of intervention or manipulation by the investigator
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An example of controlled:
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measuring the number of glue seals broken to assess textbook
usage. |