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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What approximate size are lice? |
2 mm |
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How are lice usually transmitted? |
Animal to animal contact (less often fomites) |
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Chewing lice (name & description) |
Mallophaga - parasites of birds and mammals - wider head than thorax - small tarsal claws - louse colour is yellow |
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Sucking lice (name & description) |
Anoplura - parasites of mammals ONLY - narrower head than thorax - large pincer-like tarsal claws (for clinging to hair) - piercing mouth parts to suck blood - louse colour is grey to red |
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Lice eggs & location |
Nits, securely attached to hair
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Louse Life Cycle |
Simple metamorphosis, spent entirely on host Adult on skin lays nits on hair Nymph hatches from egg (looks like adult but smaller) Nymph molts to adult |
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Mallophaga problems to host |
Pruritus Hair/feather loss |
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Anoplura problems to host |
Pruritus Hair loss Anemia (loss of red blood cells) |
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Flea Description |
Small, wingless insects with powerful hind legs for jumping onto host Piercing, blood-sucking mouth parts |
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Flea hosts |
Dogs, cats, humans, pigs, rodents & birds
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Fleas of Cats
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Ctenocephalides felis (C. felis) |
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Fleas of Dogs |
Ctenocephalides canis (C. canis) |
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Fleas of Humans |
Pulex irritans (will infect dogs and cats) |
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Fleas of Poultry |
Echidnophaga gallinacea (can infect dogs and cats) |
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Flea Life Cycle |
Complex metamorphosis 1. Adult 2. Egg 3. Larva 4. Pupa |
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Adult Flea |
Lives on host Dependent on blood meals Produce large amounts of feces (flea dirt) that has undigested blood in it Flea dirt falls off host to ground.. feeds larvae Susceptible to treatments |
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Flea Egg |
Female produces many eggs that will fall onto ground to hatch Hatch within 2 weeks Resistant to treatments (shell) |
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Flea Larva |
Live in environment (like rugs & baseboards) Feed on flea dirt & other organic material Pupate in a week to a month (depending on environment temp) Very susceptible to treatments |
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Flea Pupa |
Can stay in pupa for up to 1 year Stimulated to come out by warmth, vibrations & carbon dioxide from host Emerged flea jumps onto host Can survive one week without FIRST blood meal Very resistant to treatments |
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Main Pathology Caused by Fleas |
Flea Allergy Dermatitis -Host can be allergic to saliva of flea -Reaction: scratching causing red areas & crusty sores -Only need a couple of fleas every 2 weeks to keep animal problematic |
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Pathology caused by Fleas (2) |
Transfer of disease -ex: tapeworm Anemia (if enough fleas) |
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What areas need to be treated when treating fleas? |
Pet (host) House Yard |
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Which life stages of the flea are treatable? |
Larva & Adult |
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3 Ways to Treat a Pet for Fleas |
1. Adulticide 2. Insect Growth Regulator (IGR) 3. Insect Development Inhibitor (IDI) |
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How to Treat the House for Fleas |
Vacuum Launder bedding Spray house with insecticide * Pay attention to hot spots * Repeat after 2 weeks & then every 2 months during flea season |
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How to Treat the Yard for Fleas |
Dispose of all garbage Cut lawn short/branches back Board off porches & dark areas Clean kennels Spray with insecticide Repeat as necessary!! |