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94 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
2 parts in the outermost layer of the eye |
1. Cornea 2. Sclera |
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3 layers of the eye |
1. Outermost layer 2. Middle layer 3. Innermost layer |
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3 parts in the middle layer of eye |
1. Choroid 2. Ciliary body 3. Iris |
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What is controlled in the middle layer of the eye? |
Pupil size |
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What is in the innermost layer of the eye? |
Retina |
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It receives visual stimuli and sends them to the brain |
Retina |
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Posterior part of the eye |
Fundus |
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Device used for the eyes |
Opthalmoscope |
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3 parts of the ear |
1. External ear 2. Middle ear 3. Inner ear |
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Consists mainly of elastic cartilage |
Flexible external ear |
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Ear flap is also known as |
Auricle or pinna |
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2 parts in the external ear |
Ear flap and auditory canal |
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This part of the ear collects and transmits sound to the middle ear |
External ear |
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Separates the external and middle ear |
Tympanic membrane |
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The center of the ear is also known as |
Umbo |
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Is attached to the tip of the long process of the malleus on the other side of the tympanic membrane |
Center or umbo |
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Connects the middle ear with the nasopharynx, equalizing air pressure on either side of the tympanic membrane |
Eustachian tube |
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Conducts sound vibrations to the inner ear |
Middle ear |
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Consists of closed, fluid-filled spaces within the temporal bone |
Inner ear |
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Three connected structures of the bony labyrinth |
1. Vestibule 2. Semicircular canals 3. Cochlea |
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Receives vibrations from the middle ear that stimulate nerve impulses |
Inner ear |
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What interprets the sound? |
Cerebral cortex |
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Are used to test distance vision and measure visual acuity |
Snellen alphabet chart and Snellen E chart |
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Is used for young children and adults who can't read |
Snellen E chart |
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How far should the patient be from the chart? |
20' (6.1m) |
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What is in the top number in recording the results of eye test? |
Distance between the patient and the chart |
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What is in the bottom number in recording the results of eye test? |
Lowest line on which the patient correctly identified the majority of the letters |
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The larger the bottom number... |
The poorer the patient's vision |
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Normal vision for children age 6 and older |
20/20 |
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Normal vision for children age 5 |
20/30 |
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Normal vision for children age 4 |
20/40 |
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Normal vision for children age 3 and younger |
20/50 |
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Is used to evaluate near-vision |
Rosenbaum card |
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What is in the Rosenbaum card? |
Series of numbers, E's, X's, and O's in graduated sizes |
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Can help identify such abnormalities as homonymous hemianopsia and bitemporal hemianopsia |
Confrontation |
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In inspecting the eyes, assess the (6) |
1. Eyelids 2. Corneas 3. Conjunctivae 4. Sclerae 5. Irises 6. Pupils |
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In inspecting the eyelids, look for (4) |
1. Redness 2. Edema 3. Inflammation 4. Lesions |
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The corneas should be... |
Clear and without lesions and should appear convex |
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How to test corneal sensitivity? |
Light touching the cornea with a wisp of cotton |
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The irises should appear |
Flat and should be the same size, color, and shape |
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The color of the sclerae |
White or bluff |
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What condition is when the patient likely lacks muscle coordination in corneal light reflex? |
Strabismus |
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In cardinal positions of gaze, evaluate the (4) |
1. Oculomotor 2. Trigeminal 3. Abducens cranial nerves 4. Extraocular muscles |
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Involuntary, rhytmic oscillation of the eyeballs |
Nystagmus |
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Failure of one eye to follow an object |
Amblyopia |
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Allows you to directly observe the eye's internal structures |
Opthalmoscope |
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An opaque lens indicates |
Cataracts |
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Is a creamy pink to yellow-orange structure with clear borders and a round-to-oval shape |
Optic disk |
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Is a small depression that occupies about one-third of the disk's diameter |
Physiologic cup |
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It appears as a darker structure, free from blood vessels |
Macula |
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3 retinal structures |
1. Optic disk 2. Retina 3. Macula |
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2 to be observed in ears |
1. Positon 2. Symmetry |
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4 to be inspected in the auricle |
1. Lesions 2. Drainage 3. Nodules 4. Redness |
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If the helix is tender, it indicates... |
Otitis externa |
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3 to be inspected and palpate in the auricle |
1. Tenderness 2. Redness 3. Warmth |
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4 to be inspected in the opening of the ear canal |
1. Discharge 2. Redness 3. Odor 4. Presence of nodule or cysts |
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Gray and flaky; mostly found in Asians and Native Americans (including Eskimos) |
Dry cerumen |
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Dark brown and moist; commonly found in Blacks and Whites |
Wet cerumen |
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4 steps in otoscopic examination |
1. Positioning the patient 2. Positioning the scope 3. Inserting the speculum 4. Viewing the structures |
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Inferior portion of the malleus |
Umbo |
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2 hearing acuity tests |
1. Weber's test 2. Rinne test |
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Hearing acuity tests assess (4) |
1. Conduction hearing loss 2. Impaired sound transmission to the inner ear 3. Sensorineural hearing loss 4. Impaired auditory nerve conduction or inner ear function |
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A tuning fork is used to evaluate bone conduction |
Weber's test |
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Frequency for Weber's test |
512 cycles/second |
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4 results in Weber's test |
1. Normal 2. Right or left lateralization 3. Conductive hearing loss 4. Sensorineural hearing loss |
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Is used to compare air conduction (AC) of sound with bone conduction (BC) or sound |
Rinne test |
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3 results in Rinne test |
1. Normal 2. Conductive hearing loss 3. Sensorineural hearing loss |
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12 eye abnormalities |
1. Conjunctivitis 2. Acute angle-closure glaucoma 3. Periorbital edema 4. Ptosis 5. Cataract 6. Macular degeneration 7. Decreased visual acuity 8. Pain 9. Diplopia 10. Vision loss 11. Discharge 12. Visual halos |
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This condition is characterized by hyperemia of the conjunctiva with predominate redness in the eye periphery |
Conjunctivitis |
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Is characterized by a rapid onset of unilateral inflammation, sever eye pain and pressure, and photophobia |
Acute angle-closure glaucoma |
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Swelling around the eyes |
Periorbital edema |
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Ptosis is also known as |
Drooping upper eyelid |
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May be caused by an interruption in sympathetic innervation to the eyelid, muscle weakness, or damage to the oculomotor nerve |
Ptosis |
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Common cause of vision loss |
Cataract |
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Clouding of the lens or lens capsule of the eye that can result from trauma, diabetes, and some medications |
Cataract |
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Macular degeneration is also known as |
Deterioration of the macular disk |
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Is a cause of severe irreversible loss of central vision in people older than age 50 |
Macular degeneration |
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Most common form of macular degeneration where tissue degeneration isn't accompanied by bleeding |
Dry macular degeneration |
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The inability to see clearly |
Decreased visual acuity |
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May signal an emergency and require immediate attention |
Eye pain |
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Diplopia is also known as |
Double vision |
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Occurs when the extraocular muscles are misaligned |
Diplopia |
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3 types of vision loss |
1. Central vision loss 2. Peripheral vision loss 3. Blind spot in the middle of an area of normal vision (scotoma) |
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Commonly results from inflammatory and infectious eye disorders such as conjunctivitis |
Discharge |
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Causes the patient to see halos and rainbows around bright lights |
Visual halos |
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3 ear abnormalities |
1. Earache 2. Hearing loss 3. Otitis media |
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Usually result from disorders of the external and middle ear and are associated with infection, hearing loss and otorrhea |
Earache |
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Inflammation of the middle ear |
Otitis media |
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Results from disruption of eustachian tube patency |
Otitis media |
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Infected fluid in middle ear and rapid onset and short duration |
Acute otitis media |
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3 complications of otitis media |
1. Otitis media with effusion 2. Cholesteatoma 3. Perforation |
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Characterized by fluid in middle ear that may not cause symptoms |
Otitis media with effusion |
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Abnormal skin growth or epithelial cyst in middle ear that usually results from repeated ear infections |
Cholesteatoma |
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Hole in tympanic membrane caused by chronic negative middle ear pressure, inflammation or trauma |
Perforation |