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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
How effective are sprinkler systems and why?
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They are 96% effective due to control of combustion products in early stages and it limits spread to other areas.
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List some factors that can affect a sprinkler systems reliability:
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-Partially or completely closed valves
-Poor maintenance -Improper design -Hazards of the occupancy -Distribution obstruction -Deficient water supply -Partial sprinkler protection -Frozen or broken pipes -Damage or painted sprinkler heads -Tampering or vandalism to sprinkler system |
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Sprinkler systems water supply come from what three sources?
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Public water supply (most common), gravity tanks, or fire pumps.
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List basic piping for sprinkler system:
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Supply main, riser, feed main, cross mains, and branch lines.
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Sprinkler system piping:
riser |
The vertical piping which runs from the water supply to cross mains and also which the sprinkler valve, one-way check valve, FDC, alarm valve, main drain, and other components are attached
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Sprinkler system piping:
cross mains |
Directly service a number of branch lines on which the sprinklers are in staled. Cross mains extend past the last branch lines and are capped to facilitate flushing.
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Sprinkler system piping:
branch lines |
The smaller pipes extending from the cross mains which sprinklers are installed.
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List the flow of the water from the water supply to the sprinkler head:
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Water supply, main control valve, alarm check valve, riser, cross main, branch lines, and than sprinkler head.
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Fusible link sprinkler head color-code:
Uncolored or black white blue red |
Uncolored or black-135 to 170 degrees
white-175 to 225 degrees blue-250 to 300 degrees red-325 to 375 degrees |
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Frangible bulb heads color-code:
Orange or red yellow or green blue purple |
Frangible bulb heads color-code:
Orange or red-135 to 170 degrees yellow or green-175 to 200 degrees blue-250 to 300 degrees purple-325 to 375 degrees |
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List the different release mechanisms for sprinkler heads:
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-Fusible link
-Chemical pallet -Frangible bulb -Quick-response which has a specially designed fusible link with an increased surface area |
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Explain how fusible sprinkler head operates:
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-The two lever arms press against the frame arms and valve cap hold back the water
-The fusible link holds the levers together -When enough heat melts the link water pushes the levers and cap out of the way -Water strikes deflector and becomes a spray |
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Explain how frangible bulb sprinkler head operates:
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-The bulb filled with liquid and a bubble holds the orifice shut
-When enough heat expands the liquid in the bulb it shatters and the orifice is open -Water strikes the deflector and becomes a spray |
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List and explain the different type of sprinkler head positions:
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-Pendant:extends down from the underside of the piping
-Upright:sits on to of the piping -Sidewall:extends from the side of the pipe and the special deflector a fan-shaped pattern -Special purpose:may be recessed (up a little in ceiling, may drop down), corrosive-resistant coated. |
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Valves:OS&Y
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Outside screw and yoke has a yoke on the outside with a threaded stem which controls the opening and closing of the valve gate. IF you can see the threaded steam it is open.
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Valves:PIV
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Post indicator valve has a small window on the post where "OPEN" or "SHUT" is displayed.
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Valves:WPIV
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Wall post indicator valve is similar to PIV but extends through the wall.
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Alarm test valve
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simulates activation of the system
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Inspector's test valve
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Equiped with a same size opening as a sprinkler head to simulate activation of a head.
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Main drain valve
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Used to drain the water from the system for work.
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Water flow alarms
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Either hydraulically or electrically operated to alert occupants and passerby that water is flowing through system.
The electrical operated may transmit an alarm company. |
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FDC
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Fire department connection, usually a clapper siamese with at least two 2 and 1/2 " female connections, which is used to add water flow to sprinkler system. Has a check valve to prevent water flow from flowing out of FDC.
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FDC support should include:
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-Supply pumper with a capacity of at least 1,000 gpm
-Using a different water main than the sprinkler system -A minimum of two 2 and 1/2" or larger lines attached to FDC -Water supplied at 150 psi unless otherwise advised |
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List the different types of sprinkler systems:
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Wet pipe, dry pipe, preaction, deluge, and residential.
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Wet pipe sprinkler system
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Is not used in areas subject to freezing, as water is in the system at all times. Sprinkler heads will discharge immediately on activation.
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Retard chamber
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Use on wet pipe to catch excess water that may come through the alarm valve in water pressure surge, reducing chances of false alarm.
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Dry pipe sprinkler system
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Used in areas subject to freezing, and contains air under pressure instead of the water. When sprinkler head opens, air leaves and pipe fills with water.
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Preaction sprinkler system
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Used in properties where it is important to prevent water damage, even if pipes are broken. Pipes are dry until water is release into system in response of detector.
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Deluge sprinkler system
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Used in areas with extra hazardous occupancies, all sprinkler heads are open, and system actives manually or off of detector causing water flow from all sprinkler heads.
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Residential sprinkler system
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Used to prevent fire involvement in area of origin and allow occupants to escape. Typically equipped with quick-response sprinkler heads.
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Standpipe systems
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Allow for connection of hoses on various levels of a high rise structure to avoid having to lay hose up several levels of stairs. Always use wye.
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Class I standpipe
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Is just a hose pipe connection for use by fire fighters.
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Class II standpipe
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Design for use by occupants, has a 1 and 1/2" single hose with nozzle attached.
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Class III standpipe
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Design for use by building occupants or fire fighters, has 2 and 1/2" connection and 1 and 1/2" single hose with nozzle attached.
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