Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The most common building material in North Amperica?
|
Wood
|
|
Load-Bearing Wall
|
Supports weight of building
|
|
Party Wall
|
Load barring wall shared by two adjacent structures.
|
|
Partition Wall
|
Divides two areas within a structure. (basic non load-bearing wall)
|
|
The reaction of wood to fire depends on two factors:
|
Size of wood and moisture content
|
|
Masonry includes:
|
Bricks, Stones, And concrete Blocks
|
|
Which type of Material is minimally affected by fire and exposure to high temperatures?
|
Masonry
|
|
What may cause masonry materials to crack?
|
Rapid cooling
*chimney flue fires |
|
Masonry materials should be inspected for damage when?
|
After extinguishment is complete
|
|
Which material stands up well to fire and intense heat but may crack or shatter when rapidly cooled?
|
Cast Iron
|
|
Which material is primarily used for structural support in the construction of large modern buildings?
|
Steel
|
|
A 50 ft beam may elongate by how long at what temperature?
|
4 inches at 1,000 degrees F
|
|
Variables of when steel may fail include: (4)
|
1. Size of member
2. Load it is under 3. composition of steel 4. Geometry of member |
|
Gypsum
|
inorganic product from which plaster and wallboards are constructed.
*high water content which abosrbs heat well |
|
What is gypsum used for?
|
commonly used to provide insulation to steel and wood structural members that are less adapted to high heat situations.
|
|
What material is not commonly used for structural support?
|
Glass
|
|
What is Glass commonly used for?
|
in sheet form for doors and windows.
|
|
Which type of glass is used for insulation?
|
Fiberglass
|
|
TYPE I Construction:
|
Fire-resistive
*Parking Garage Weakness - Diffucult to breach or vent |
|
TYPE II Construction:
|
Noncombustible
*All-metal buildings Weakness -Difficult to breach, Failer due to heat |
|
TYPE III Construction:
|
Ordinary
*Store front or home Weakness -Water damage, Fire spread |
|
Type IV Construction:
|
Heavy Timber
*Large Think Cabon type wood Weakness -Fire spread from outside, Water damage |
|
TYPE V Conctruction:
|
Wood Frame
*Regular Home Weakness -Rapid flame spread, water damage |
|
Construction types NFPA?
|
NFPA 220
|
|
Masonry materials should be inspected for damage when?
|
After extinguishment is complete
|
|
Which material stands up well to fire and intense heat but may crack or shatter when rapidly cooled?
|
Cast Iron
|
|
Which material is primarily used for structural support in the construction of large modern buildings?
|
Steel
|
|
A 50 ft beam may elongate by how long at what temperature?
|
4 inches at 1,000 degrees F
|
|
Variables of when steel may fail include: (4)
|
1. Size of member
2. Load it is under 3. composition of steel 4. Geometry of member |
|
Gypsum
|
inorganic product from which plaster and wallboards are constructed.
*high water content which abosrbs heat well |
|
What is gypsum used for?
|
commonly used to provide insulation to steel and wood structural members that are less adapted to high heat situations.
|
|
What material is not commonly used for structural support?
|
Glass
|
|
What is Glass commonly used for?
|
in sheet form for doors and windows.
|
|
Which type of glass is used for insulation?
|
Fiberglass
|
|
Building Construction NFPA?
|
NFPA 220
|
|
5 Things to look at when sizing up building?
|
Age of Building
Construction material Roof Type Renovations or Modifications Dead loads i.e. HVAC, water tanks, etc |
|
2 primary types of dangerous conditions posed by particular building?
|
Conditions that:
-Contribute to spread or intensity of fire -Make the building susceptuble to collapse |
|
FIre Load
|
Maximum heat that can be produced if all combustible materials in a given area burn.
|
|
History shows that ______ can significantly contribute to fire spread. (roof)
|
Wooden Shakes
|
|
What contributes to fire spread through out in buildings?
|
Large open spaces
|
|
What is essential in large open spaces to slow the spread of fire?
|
Proper Vertical Ventilation
|
|
Collapse Zone
|
The area extending horizontally from the base of the wall t one and a half times the hieght of the wall
|
|
First move when collapse is possible?
|
First exit the building
*command and all other should be informed Second, clear the collapse zone asap |
|
Unprotected lightweight steel and wooden trusses can fail after how long?
|
5 - 10 mins
|
|
What temperature is the critical temperature for steel trusses?
|
1,000 degrees F
|
|
What type of trusses are used in older buildings that require large open spaces without supporting columns such as auto dealerships, bowling alleys, etc?
|
Bowstring trusses
|
|
What type of truss should be suspected in buildings with arched roofs?
|
Bowstring trusses
|
|
When are bowstring trusses best identified?
|
during preincident planning
|
|
Tension
|
Stress that pulls things apart
|
|
Compression
|
Stress that pushes things together
|
|
Firefighters may not go into a building or on the roof if trusses have been expossed to fire for how long?
|
5 to 10 mins
|
|
Ballon Frame
|
Wood frame construction in which the studs in exterior walls extend from the basement to the roof.
*Allows fire spread easyly and undetected |
|
Bar joist
|
A joist constructed of steel with bars verticle in space.
Drawing: ---------------------------------- VVVVVVVVVVVVVVV ---------------------------------- |
|
Butterfly roof
|
V-Shaped roof in which the two sides slope toward a valley in the middle.
*Rarly seen in cold climates |
|
Chord
|
Main structural members of a truss. Distinguished from diagonals in the space between upper and lower member of truss
|
|
Cockloft
|
Open space between the roof and ceiling of a commercial or industrial building.
*Usually found under flat roofs. |
|
Course
|
Horizontal layer of masonry units. A row of bricks is a course.
|
|
Decking
|
Planks or panels of plywood or oreinted strand board (OSB) that form the substrate of a roof assembly.
|
|
Eave
|
The edge of a pitched roof that overhangs an outside wall.
|
|
Fire wall
|
a rated assembly that extends from the foundation to and through the roof of a building to limit fire spread.
|
|
Gable roof
|
Pitched roof characterized by square cut ends and sides that slope down from the ridge line to the eaves.
*Most common roof style on homes |
|
Gambrel Roof
|
Roof characterized by a single ridge line from which roof selections on both sides of the ridge descend at two different pitches.
*Hard to use roof ladders on them |
|
Gusset Plate
|
Wooden or Metal plate used to connect structural members that are butted together, most often used in trusses
|
|
Hip roof
|
Pitched roof in which the ends are all beveled so that there are no gamble walls.
|
|
Interstitial space
|
Spaces (cockloft, attics) somtimes used for storage.
|
|
Joists
|
Horizontal structural members used to support a ceiling or floor.
|
|
Lamella Arch
|
Arch constructed of short wooden members connected in a specific geometric pattern.
|
|
Mansard roof
|
Characterized by steeply sloped facets surrounding a flat or nearly flat center section.
|
|
HVAC
|
Heating Ventilation Airconditioning
|