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117 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly |
Budd-Chiari syndrome (posthepatic venous thrombosis) |
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Achilles tendon xanthoma |
Familial hypercholesterolemia (Decreased LDL receptor signaling) |
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Adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension, DIC |
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (meningococcemia) |
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Anterior “drawer sign” + |
Anterior cruciate ligament injury |
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Arachnodactyly, lens dislocation, aortic dissection, hyperflexible joints |
Marfan syndrome (fibrillin defect) |
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Athlete with polycythemia |
2° to erythropoietin injection |
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Back pain, fever, night sweats, weight loss |
Pott disease (vertebral TB) |
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Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis |
Sarcoidosis (noncaseating granulomas) |
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Blue sclera |
Osteogenesis imperfecta (type I collagen defect) |
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Bluish line on gingiva |
Burton line (lead poisoning) |
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Bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis |
Paget disease of bone (Increased osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity) |
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Bounding pulses (strong & forceful), diastolic heart murmur, head bobbing |
Aortic regurgitation |
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“Butterfly” facial rash and Raynaud phenomenon in a young female |
Systemic lupus erythematosus |
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Café-au-lait spots, Lisch nodules (iris hamartoma) |
Neurofibromatosis type I (+ pheochromocytoma, optic gliomas) |
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Café-au-lait spots, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, multiple endocrine abnormalities |
McCune-Albright syndrome (mosaic G-protein signaling mutation) |
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Calf pseudohypertrophy |
Muscular dystrophy (most commonly Duchenne): X-linked recessive deletion of dystrophin gene |
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“Cherry-red spots” on macula |
Tay-Sachs (ganglioside accumulation) or Niemann-Pick (sphingomyelin accumulation), central retinal artery occlusion |
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Chest pain on exertion |
Angina (stable: with moderate exertion; unstable: with minimal exertion) |
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Chest pain, pericardial effusion/friction rub, persistent fever following MI |
Dressler syndrome (autoimmune-mediated post-MI fibrinous pericarditis, 1–12 weeks after acute episode) |
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Child uses arms to stand up from squat |
Gowers sign (Duchenne muscular dystrophy) |
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Child with fever later develops red rash on face that spreads to body |
“Slapped cheeks” (erythema infectiosum/fifth disease: parvovirus B19) |
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Chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration |
Huntington disease (autosomal dominant CAG repeat expansion) |
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Chronic exercise intolerance with myalgia, fatigue, painful cramps, myoglobinuria |
McArdle disease (muscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency) |
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Cold intolerance |
Hypothyroidism |
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Conjugate lateral gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia |
Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (damage to medial longitudinal fasciculus; bilateral [multiple sclerosis], unilateral [stroke]) |
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Continuous “machine-like” heart murmur |
PDA (close with indomethacin; open or maintain with misoprostol) |
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Cutaneous/dermal edema due to connective tissue deposition |
Myxedema (caused by hypothyroidism, Graves disease [pretibial myxedema]) |
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Dark purple skin/mouth nodules in a patient with AIDS |
Kaposi sarcoma, associated with HHV-8 |
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Deep, labored breathing/hyperventilation |
Kussmaul respirations (diabetic ketoacidosis) |
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Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea |
Pellagra (niacin [vitamin B3] deficiency) |
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Dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, alcoholism or malnutrition |
Wet beriberi (thiamine [vitamin B1] deficiency) |
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Dog or cat bite resulting in infection |
Pasteurella multocida (cellulitis at inoculation site) |
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Dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis |
Sjögren syndrome (autoimmune destruction of exocrine glands) |
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Dysphagia (esophageal webs), glossitis, iron deficiency anemia |
Plummer-Vinson syndrome (may progress to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma) |
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Elastic skin, hypermobility of joints |
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (type III collagen defect) |
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Enlarged, hard left supraclavicular node |
Virchow node (abdominal metastasis) |
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Erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, atypical T cells |
Mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma) or Sézary syndrome (mycosis fungoides + malignant T cells in blood) |
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Facial muscle spasm upon tapping |
Chvostek sign (hypocalcemia) |
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Fat, female, forty, and fertile |
Cholelithiasis (gallstones) |
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Fever, chills, headache, myalgia following antibiotic treatment for syphilis |
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (rapid lysis of spirochetes results in toxin release) |
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Fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, diffuse rash, Koplik spots (Buccal Mucosa) |
Measles |
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Fever, night sweats, weight loss |
B symptoms (staging) of lymphoma |
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Fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis |
Peyronie disease (connective tissue disorder) |
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Gout, intellectual disability, self-mutilating behavior in a boy |
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (HGPRT deficiency, X-linked recessive) |
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Green-yellow rings around peripheral cornea |
Kayser-Fleischer rings (copper accumulation from Wilson disease) |
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Hamartomatous GI polyps, hyperpigmentation of mouth/feet/hands |
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (inherited, benign polyposis can cause bowel obstruction; Increased cancer risk, mainly GI) |
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Hepatosplenomegaly, osteoporosis, neurologic symptoms |
Gaucher disease (glucocerebrosidase deficiency -> lysosomal storage diseasecharacterized by an accumulation of glucocerebrosides.) |
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Hereditary nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, cataracts |
Alport syndrome (mutation in collagen IV) |
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Hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, hyperdocility |
Klüver-Bucy syndrome (bilateral amygdala lesion) |
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Hyperreflexia, hypertonia, Babinski sign present |
UMN damage |
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Hyporeflexia, hypotonia, atrophy, fasciculations (small, local, involuntary twitch) |
LMN damage |
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Hypoxemia, polycythemia, hypercapnia (high CO2) |
“Blue bloater” (chronic bronchitis: hyperplasia of mucous cells) |
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Indurated, ulcerated genital lesion |
SIDE 1: Nonpainful chancre (1° syphilis, Treponema pallidum) SIDE 2: Painful chancroid with exudate (Haemophilus ducreyi) |
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Infant with cleft lip/palate, microcephaly or holoprosencephaly, polydactyly, cutis aplasia |
Patau syndrome (trisomy 13) |
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Infant with failure to thrive, hepatosplenomegaly, and neurodegeneration |
Niemann-Pick disease (genetic sphingomyelinase deficiency) |
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Infant with hypoglycemia, failure to thrive, and hepatomegaly |
Cori disease (debranching enzyme deficiency) or Von Gierke disease (glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency, more severe) |
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Infant with microcephaly, rocker-bottom feet, clenched hands, and structural heart defect |
Edwards syndrome (trisomy 18) |
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Jaundice, palpable distended non-tender gallbladder |
Courvoisier sign (distal obstruction of biliary tree) |
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Large rash with bull’s-eye appearance |
Erythema chronicum migrans from Ixodes tick bite (Lyme disease: Borrelia) |
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Lucid interval after traumatic brain injury |
Epidural hematoma (middle meningeal artery rupture) |
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Male child, recurrent infections, no mature B cells |
Bruton disease (X-linked agammaglobulinemia) |
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Mucosal bleeding and prolonged bleeding time |
Glanzmann thrombasthenia (defect in platelet aggregation due to lack of GpIIb/IIIa) |
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Muffled heart sounds, distended neck veins, hypotension |
Beck triad of cardiac tamponade |
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Multiple colon polyps, osteomas/soft tissue tumors, impacted/ supernumerary teeth |
Gardner syndrome (subtype of FAP) |
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Myopathy (infantile hypertrophic cardiomyopathy), exercise intolerance |
Pompe disease (lysosomal α-1,4-glucosidase deficiency) |
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Neonate with arm paralysis following difficult birth |
Erb-Duchenne palsy (superior trunk [C5–C6] brachial plexus injury: “waiter’s tip”) |
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No lactation postpartum, absent menstruation, cold intolerance |
Sheehan syndrome (pituitary infarction) |
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Nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech, bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia |
Multiple sclerosis |
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Oscillating slow/fast breathing |
Cheyne-Stokes respirations (central apnea in CHF or increased intracranial pressure) |
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Painful blue fingers/toes, hemolytic anemia |
Cold agglutinin disease (autoimmune hemolytic anemia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, infectious mononucleosis) |
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Painful, pale, cold fingers/toes |
Raynaud phenomenon (vasospasm in extremities, response to cold or emotional stress, can be 2° to connective tissue disease, SLE, or CREST) |
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Painful, raised red lesions on pad of fingers/toes |
Osler nodes (infective endocarditis, immune complex deposition) |
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Painless erythematous lesions on palms and soles |
Janeway lesions (infective endocarditis, septic emboli/ microabscesses) |
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Painless jaundice |
Cancer of the pancreatic head obstructing bile duct |
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Palpable purport (small hemorrhages) on buttocks/legs, joint pain, abdominal pain (child), hematuria (kidney involvement) |
Henoch-Schönlein purpura (IgA vasculitis affecting skin and kidneys) |
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Pancreatic, pituitary, parathyroid tumors |
MEN 1 (autosomal dominant) |
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Periorbital and/or peripheral edema, proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia |
Nephrotic syndrome |
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Pink complexion, dyspnea, hyperventilation |
“Pink puffer” (emphysema: centriacinar [smoking], panacinar [α1-antitrypsin deficiency]) |
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Polyuria, renal tubular acidosis type II, growth failure, electrolyte imbalances, hypophosphatemic rickets |
Fanconi syndrome (proximal tubular reabsorption defect) |
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Pruritic, purple, polygonal planar papules and plaques (6 P’s) |
Lichen planus |
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Ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis |
Horner syndrome (sympathetic chain lesion) |
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Pupil accommodates but doesn’t react |
Argyll Robertson pupil (neurosyphilis) |
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Rapidly progressive leg weakness that ascends following GI/ upper respiratory infection |
Guillain-Barré syndrome (acute autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy) |
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Rash on palms and soles |
Coxsackie A, 2° syphilis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever |
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Recurrent colds, unusual eczema, high serum IgE |
Hyper-IgE syndrome (Job syndrome: neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality) |
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Red “currant jelly” sputum in alcoholic or diabetic patients |
Klebsiella pneumoniae |
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Red “currant jelly” stools |
Acute mesenteric ischemia (adults), intussusception (infants, telescoping of the intestine) |
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Red, itchy, swollen rash of nipple/areola |
Paget disease of the breast (sign of underlying neoplasm) |
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Red urine in the morning, fragile RBCs |
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria |
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Renal cell carcinoma (bilateral), hemangioblastomas, angiomatosis, pheochromocytoma |
von Hippel-Lindau disease (dominant tumor suppressor gene mutation) |
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Resting tremor, rigidity, akinesia, postural instability |
Parkinson disease (nigrostriatal dopamine depletion) |
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Retinal hemorrhages with pale centers |
Roth spots (bacterial endocarditis) |
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Severe jaundice in neonate |
Crigler-Najjar syndrome (congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia) |
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Severe RLQ pain with palpation of LLQ |
Rovsing sign (acute appendicitis) |
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Severe RLQ pain with rebound tenderness |
McBurney sign ( McBurney's point (1), located two thirds the distance from the umbilicus (2) to the rightanterior superior iliac spine (3),acute appendicitis) |
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Short stature, increased incidence of tumors/leukemia, aplastic anemia |
Fanconi anemia (genetic loss of DNA crosslink repair; often progresses to AML) |
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Situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis, infertility |
Kartagener syndrome (dynein arm defect affecting cilia) |
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Skin hyperpigmentation, hypotension, fatigue |
Addison disease (1° adrenocortical insufficiency causes high ACTH and high α-MSH production) |
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Slow, progressive muscle weakness in boys |
Becker muscular dystrophy (X-linked missense mutation in dystrophin; less severe than Duchenne) |
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Small, irregular red spots on buccal/lingual mucosa with blue-white centers |
Koplik spots (measles; rubeola virus) |
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Smooth, flat, moist, painless white lesions on genitals |
Condylomata lata (2° syphilis) |
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Splinter hemorrhages in fingernails |
Bacterial endocarditis |
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“Strawberry tongue” |
Scarlet fever, Kawasaki disease, toxic shock syndrome |
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Streak ovaries, congenital heart disease, horseshoe kidney, cystic hygroma at birth*, short stature, webbed neck, lymphedema |
Turner syndrome (45,XO) |
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Sudden swollen/painful big toe joint, tophi |
Gout/podagra (hyperuricemia) |
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Swollen gums, mucosal bleeding, poor wound healing, petechiae |
Scurvy (vitamin C deficiency: can’t hydroxylate proline/lysine for collagen synthesis) |
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Swollen, hard, painful finger joints |
Osteoarthritis (osteophytes on PIP [Bouchard nodes], DIP [Heberden nodes]) |
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Systolic ejection murmur (crescendo-decrescendo) |
Aortic valve stenosis |
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Thyroid and parathyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma |
MEN 2A (autosomal dominant ret mutation) |
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Thyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma, ganglioneuromatosis |
MEN 2B (autosomal dominant ret mutation) |
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Toe extension/fanning upon plantar scrape |
Babinski sign (UMN lesion) |
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Unilateral facial drooping involving forehead |
Facial nerve (LMN CN VII palsy) |
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Urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis in a male |
Reactive arthritis associated with HLA-B27 |
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Vascular birthmark (port-wine stain) |
Hemangioma (benign, but associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome) |
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Vomiting blood following gastroesophageal lacerations |
Mallory-Weiss syndrome (alcoholic and bulimic patients) |
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Weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, adenopathy |
Whipple disease (Tropheryma whipplei) |
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“Worst headache of my life” |
Subarachnoid hemorrhage |