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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is a mistelle? |
A mistelle is a style of fortified wine or vins de liqueur that is produced by adding the fortifying spirit to the grape must prior to fermentation.
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What is the "lei del tergo?"
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Law of the third, which restricts port houses from selling more than one third of their inventory annually. |
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What are the subregions of the Porto DOP?
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1. Cima Corgo
2. Baixo Corgo 3. Douro Superior |
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What are the red grapes recommended (minimum 60% usage) for use in port?
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1. Touriga Nacional
2. Touriga Francesa 3. Tinta Roriz 4. Tinta Cão 5. Tinta Barroca 6. Tinta Amarela 7. Tinta Francisca 8. Bastardo 9. Mourisco Tinto |
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What are the white grapes recommended (minimum 60% usage) for use in port?
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1. Gouveio (Spain's Godello, not Madeira's Verdelho)
2. Malvasia Fina (Boal) 3. Viosinho 4. Rabigato 5. Esgana Cão (Sercial) 6. Folgasão. |
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What is the process of beneficio?
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Portuguese word for the fortification of wine with spirit.
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What is a pipe, in reference to Port?
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The traditional barrel used for aging and shipping port wine. The size used in Duoro Valley usually hold 550L.
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What are the two fundamental styles of port?
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Ruby and Tawny
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What are the different styles of Ruby Port?
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1. Ruby Port
2. Ruby Reserve Port 3. Vintage Port 4. Single Quinta Vintage Port 5. Late-Bottled Vintage Port |
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What are the different styles of Tawny Port?
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1. Tawny Port
2. Reserve Tawny 3. Tawny with Indication of Age 4. Colheita Tawny |
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What are the aging requirements for Colheita Tawny?
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Minimum seven years in cask
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True or False: A Tawny with Indication of Age designation such as 10 year Tawny will contain a blend of wines that has an average age of 10 years.
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False. The age indication is not an average age of the blended wines in the bottle, but rather an approximation: for example, the IVDP deems a Port labeled “10 Year Old Tawny” to taste like a 10 Year Old Tawny, regardless of the wine’s actual age.
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True or False: Madeira can only be produced on the island of Madeira.
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False. It can also be produced on the island of Porto Santo, the only other occupied island of the Madeira archipelago.
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What is a partidista in reference to Madeira?
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Those who store wine and sell it at maturity to other traders for a profit.
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Name the varietal styles of Madeira in order from driest to sweetest.
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1. Sercial (Esgana Cao)
2. Verdelho 3. Boal (Malvasia Fina/Bual) 4. Malvasia (AKA Malmsey) |
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What is Tinta Negra AKA Tinta Negra Mole?
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A crossing of Pinot Noir x Grenache that accounts for 85% of Madeira production. However it is not allowed to be used as a varietal labeling because of its poor reputation.
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What are the different styles of Madeira Multi-Vintage Blends?
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1. Rainwater
2. Seleccionado 3. Reserve (Reserva) 4. Special Reserve (Reserva Especial) 5. Extra Reserve 6. 20 Years Old, 30 Years Old, Over 40 Years Old 7. Solera |
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What are the different styles of Madeira with a Vintage Date?
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1. Colheita (Harvest)
2. Frasqueira 3. Vinha da Roda / Vinho da Torno / Vinho da Volta |
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What is Rainwater Madeira?
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A style of Madeira Multi-Vintage Blend that likely includes 100% Tinta Negra and the youngest any wine in the blend can be is three years old. Medium dry, and light.
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What is Madeira Seleccionado?
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Often labeled "Finest", "Choice", or "Select" and includes blended wine that is between 3-5yrs of age. Like Rainwater Madeira, these wines are dominated by the Tinta Negra grape and are heated in Estufagem rather than Canteiro method and not aged in cask but rather in tank.
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What does Madeira Reserve mean?
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Madeira multi-vintage blend of between 5-10yrs of age. Still likely heated by the Estufagem method.
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What does Madeira Special Reserve mean?
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Madeira multi-vintage blend of between 10-15yrs of age. Wines of this designation (and all older ones too) will likely be a single varietal designation and use the canteiro method of heated ageing.
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What does Madeira Extra Reserve mean?
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Madeira Multi-Vintage Blend with between 15 and 20 years of age.
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What does Solera mean in reference to Madeira?
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Wines produces by both fractional blending and the Canteiro method. A maximum 10% of a solera's stock may be drawn off each year, and only 10 total additions may be made to each solera. (Not Authorized by the EU)
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What is the estufagem method?
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A heated aging process used for Madeira wine that is meant to replicate the slow heating of the wines that occurred on the ocean voyages of times past. Wine is placed in heated tanks for at least 3 months time.
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What are Armazens de Calor?
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A more delicate variation on the Estufagem process involves placing the wine in armazens de calor, rooms warmed by nearby tanks or steam pipes rather than the direct heat of the estufa.
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What are the nine towns of sherry production?
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1. Jerez de la Frontera (Cádiz)
2. El Puerto de Santa María (Cádiz) 3. Sanlúcar de Barrameda (Cádiz) 4. Chiclana de Frontera (Cádiz) 5. Puerto Real (Cádiz) 6. Rota (Cádiz) 7. Chipiona (Cádiz) 8. Trebujena (Cádiz) 9. Lebrija (Seville) |
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The Jerez-Xérès-Sherry and Manzanilla Sanlúcar de Barrameda DO's are flanked by what river to its Northwest?
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Guadalquivir River
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Sherry must be matured in and shipped from what three central towns of sherry production?
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1. Jerez de la Frontera
2. El Puerto de Santa Maria 3. Sanlucar de Barrameda |
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What is the difference between the Jerez-Xeres-Sherry DO and the Manzanilla Sanlucar de Barrameda DO?
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The two are almost identical in production region, but Manzanilla Sanlucar de Barrameda DO must be aged in the seaside town of Sanlucar de BArrameda.
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Name the three soil types in the Sherry production zone? Which produces the best sherry?
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Albariza, Barros, Arenas. Albariza, a chalky, porous, limestone-rich soil of brilliant white color, produces the best Sherry.
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What is the largest pago in Jerez?
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Macharnudo, at over 2000 acres, is the largest pago in Jerez.
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What three grapes are authorized for sherry production?
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1. Palomino (Listán)
2. Pedro Ximénez (PX) 3. Moscatel (Muscat of Alexandria). |
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Name the two subvarieties of Palomino that are used in Sherry production.
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Palomino Fino & Palomino de Jerez |
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What does Colheita (or Harvest) mean on Madeira labeling?
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Colheita Madeira is produced from a single vintage (85% minimum required) and is aged for a minimum 5 years prior to bottling. It may be a blend or a single varietal wine. |
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What does Frasqueira mean on Madeira labeling?
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Vintage Madeira aged for a minimum 20 years in cask. Frasqueira, like Colheita, may be produced from a single variety or a blend.
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What does Vinho da Roda/Vinho da Torno/Vinho da Volta mean on Madeira labeling?
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An exceptional rarity, wines so labeled underwent an ocean journey across the equator as wines of Madeira did in ages past.
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Name three pagos of Jerez.
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1. Macharnudo
2. Añina 3. Carrascal |
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What is the name of the traditional vine training method in Jerez?
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Vara y Pulgar (Stick and Thumb). In Jerez, each vine is commonly trained in the traditional manner of vara y pulgar, in which growers prune alternate spurs each year: one year’s vara (stick) will be pruned back after harvest to become the following year’s pulgar (thumb).
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What does primera yeme refer to in Jerez?
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The free-run juice from the first pressing of the grapes.
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What is the only sherry producing town that is not in the coastal province of Cadiz? |
Lebrija, which is located in the province of Seville.
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What is the IVDP? |
Instituto dos Vinhos do Douro e Porto. Government run organization overseeing the production, promotion, and trade of all Douro e Porto wines. |
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What is the lei del tergo? |
Restricts port houses from selling more than one third of their total inventory each year. |
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What is the beneficio authorization in Porto? What is beneficio? |
The IVDP grants each producer a beneficio authorization telling it the maximum amount of wines it may fortify in a given year. "Beneficio" is the term for the fortification of wine with spirit in Portugal. |
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What are lagares? |
The open cement troughs in which newly harvested grapes would be trodden to crush them and ferment them. |
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What is the minimum ABV of port? |
19-22% |
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What styles of port can be produced? |
Red, white, and rosé |
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On what style of port would you find the label term "Envelhicido em garrafa"? |
LBV ports. After the mandatory 4yrs of cask aging, those bottlings that are aged for an additional 3yrs before release can be labelled "Envelhicido em garrafa"- bottle-matured |
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Whose estate is Quinta da Cavadinha? |
Warre's |
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Whose estate is Quinta de Vargellas? |
Taylor's |
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Whose estate is Quinta do Bomfim? |
Dow's |
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Where is Funchal? |
Madeira's capital. |
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Name five Madeira producers. |
Henriques & Henriques D'Oliveiras Madeira Wine Company Vinhos Berbeito Vinhos Justino Henriques |
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Sherry must be matured in and shipped from what towns? |
Sanlúcar de Barrameda Puerto de Santa María Jerez de lal Frontera |
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What are the two winds of the Jerez-Xéréx-Sherry? |
Levant (hot wind that strains the vines) and Poniente (promotes the growth of flor) |
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What are the three soil types of sherry? |
Albariza (produces best sherry) Barros Arenas |
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Which soil type produces the best sherry? |
Albariza |
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Name three pagos of Jerez. |
Macharnudo. Añina Carrascal
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What is the largest pago in Jerez? |
Macharnudo. Over 2000acres |
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What are the two clones of Palomino encounted in Jerez? Which is more prized for quality? |
Palomino de Jerez Palomino Fino (Better Quality) |
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What is the soleo process in sherry? |
Sun-drying grapes. Usually done for Moscatel and Pedro-Ximenez. Rarely more than 24hrs. |