Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
138 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is Phlogiston theory?
|
It's scientific error that stated that burning materials released an invisible gas(phlogiston) which was associated with heating.
|
|
What is dephlogisticated air? And who discovered it?
But who was given credit for it? |
It is oxygen.
Joseph Priestly. John Dalton. |
|
Who is the "Father of Respiratory Therapy"?
|
Thomas Beddoes.
|
|
What does CoARC stand for?
|
Committee on Accreditation for Respiratory Care.
|
|
What is CoARC's function?
|
Responsible for ensuring that respiratory care educational programs follow specific standards & essentials endorsed by the American Medical Association.
|
|
What are the three(3) types of reimbursement methodologies in the Health Care System?
|
Fee for Service, Indemnity w/o utilization management and Indemnity with utilization management.
|
|
Who is JCAHO?
What is their function? |
Joint Commission of Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations.
They do surveys and accredits hospitals and healthcare organizations to ensure that they meet a minimum standard level of care. |
|
What are the General Therapeutic Services?
|
Continuous aerosol & humidity therapy, aerosol drug administration, incentive spirometry and intermittent positive pressure breathing.
|
|
What is Airway Care?
|
It's intubation, suctioning & maintenance and extubation.
|
|
What is Fowler's Position?
|
While the patient is in bed, the bed is in a 45 degree angle at the head.
|
|
What are the Supine and Prone Positions?
|
Patient lying flat on back and flat on stomach.
|
|
What are the different types of communication?
|
Verbal, written and non-verbal.
|
|
What is the most popular Problem Oriented Medical Record method used when charting and collecting patient data?
And what does it stand for? |
SOAP.
S-subjective data O-objective data A-Assessment P-plan |
|
What are the ethical principles that govern the health care environment as a whole?
|
Autonomy, veracity, nonmaleficence, beneficence, confidentiality, justice and role duty.
|
|
What are the 3 forms of tort?
|
Negligent, malpractice and intentional tort.
|
|
What is nosocomial infection?
|
It's a hospital acquired infection.
|
|
What percentage of admitted patients will develop nosocomial infection?
|
10%.
|
|
What is the major source of infection, regarding nosocomial infection?
|
Respiratory care equipment.
|
|
What are the 3 elements necessary to spread infection?
|
Source of pathogens, susceptible host and route of transmission.
|
|
What are the 5 major routes of transmission of pathogens?
|
Contact, droplet, airborne, common vehicle and vectorborne.
|
|
What form of pathogen transmission is coughing and sneezing considered?
|
Droplet.
|
|
What is the most important and common form of pathogen transmission?
|
Contact.
|
|
How does Common Vehicle Transmission of pathogens occur?
|
When exposed to contaminated water.
|
|
How does Vectorborne Transmission of pathogens occur?
|
It occurs by way of animal or insect.
|
|
What are the General Barrier Measures and Isolation Precautions?
|
Handwashing, the use of gloves, the use of masks, goggles, face shields & respiratory protection, the use of gowns, aprons & protective apparel, use once and discard.
|
|
What are the 2 key sources for patient data?
|
The medical record and the physical examination.
|
|
Death of all microorganisms
|
Sterilization
|
|
Inanimate objects that help transfer pathogens
|
Fomites
|
|
Universal method of protection for health workers
|
Standard precautions
|
|
Death of pathogenic microorganisms
|
Disinfection
|
|
Infections that patients acquire during the course of medical treatment, are called?
|
HAIs
|
|
How many patients get sick from HAIs?
|
2 million infections
|
|
What percentage of patients get sick from HAIs?
|
5% of all patients
|
|
Why are HAIs important to the respiratory profession?
|
They are important because many of the infections involve the lung and many are fatal.
|
|
HAI stands for?
|
Health care-associated infections
|
|
What are the three elements that must be present for transmission of infection within a health care setting?
|
A source or reservoir of pathogens, a susceptible host and a route of transmission.
|
|
What are the six vaccinations that all health care workers should undergo immunization for?
|
Rubella, measles, varicella, hepatitis B, influenza and pertussis.
|
|
What are the five major routes of transmission of pathogens?
|
Contact, Droplet, Airborne, Common Vehicle and Vectorborne.
|
|
What is the most important and most common form of pathogen transmission and in what ways can it occur?
|
Contact, by direct or indirect means
|
|
Are Fomites, Direct or Indirect means of Contact Transmission?
|
Indirect
|
|
Coughing, sneezing and talking are all forms of what route of pathogen transmission?
|
Droplet
|
|
Tuberculosis, measles and SARS are the result of which route of pathogen transmission?
|
Airborne
|
|
What does SARS stand for?
|
Severe acute respiratory syndrome
|
|
Being exposed to contaminated food or water is considered which route of pathogen transmission?
|
Common Vehicle
|
|
Which route of pathogen transmission has little significance in the hospital, but is a major concern in tropical countries, and why?
|
Vectorborne, because an animal or insect transmits the infectious agent from one host to another.
|
|
What is the difference between HAIs & Nosocomial Infections?
|
Nosocomial infections are acquired while in the hospital, where HAIs are acquired during the course of treatment.
|
|
How does vectorborne infections spread to the lungs?
|
By way of aspiration, inhalation of droplet nuclei, liquid droplets & dust, as well as from distant sites via the blood.
|
|
What are the three strategies to control infection?
|
Decreased host susceptibility, eliminate source of infection and interrupt transmission routes.
|
|
What are the two major categories for eliminating the source of infection?
|
General sanitation measures and specialized equipment processing.
|
|
Sanitary laundry management, food preparation, environmental air control and housekeeping are examples of which strategy to control infection and which sub-category?
|
Eliminate source of Infection and general sanitation measures.
|
|
What does specialized equipment processing involve?
|
Cleaning, disinfection and sterilization.
|
|
What are the important steps of Cleaning in the Equipment Process?
|
The most important is removal of dirt & organic material, should have designated areas for clean vs dirty, soap or detergents need to be used, rinsing, drying and washing hands before reassembly.
|
|
Does the cleaning process of equipment eliminate the risk of infection?
|
No.
|
|
What does disinfection, in equipment processing, do and what are the two methods?
|
It destoys vegetative form of pathogens but not spores, and physical & chemical are the methods.
|
|
The physical method of disinfecting equipment is pasteurization, what does it mean?
|
It's the process of applying heat for a specified period for the purpose of killing or retarding the development of pathogenic bacteria.
|
|
The application of chemical solutions to contaminated surfaces or equipment is called?
|
Chemical Disinfection
|
|
There are two means of Contract Transmission, which is touching considered?
|
Direct.
|
|
There are two types of Sterilization, what are they?
|
Physical and chemical.
|
|
Heat and ionizing radiation is considered which type of sterilization?
|
Physical.
|
|
EtO gas and selected liquid solutions is considered which type of sterilization?
|
Chemical.
|
|
Moist heat under pressure is also known as?
|
Autoclaving.
|
|
X-rays and gamma rays are examples of?
|
Ionizing radiation.
|
|
Interrupt Transmission Route is a strategy to control infection. What are the special equipment handling procedures under the interrupt transmission route?
|
Maintenance of in use equipment, processing of reusable equipment, one patient disposables, and fluid & medication precautions.
|
|
There are six methods of Sterilization. What are they?
|
Incineration, dry heat, boiling, autoclaving, ionizing radiation and etylene oxide (EtO).
|
|
Under Maintenance of In Use Equipment, there is respiratory equipment that can spread pathogens. What are they?
|
Nebulizers, ventilator circuits, bag-valve-mask devices, suction equipment, oxygen and pulmonary function equipment.
|
|
High-efficiency particulate air/aerosol filters are also known as?
|
HEPA filters.
|
|
Heat-and-moisture exchanger is also known as? And what is the maximum duration of use?
|
HME and 96 hours.
|
|
VAP stands for?
|
Ventilator-associated pneumonia.
|
|
What are the factors to consider in processing reusable respiratory equipment?
|
Infection risk, material & equipment configuration, available hospital disinfection resources and relative cost.
|
|
The use of reusable respiratory equipment falls into three categories. What are they?
|
Critical, semicritical and noncritical.
|
|
Must undergo sterilization is which category under the use of reusable equipment?
|
Critical.
|
|
Must undergo high level disinfection is which category under the use of reusable equipment?
|
Semicritical.
|
|
Low level disinfection only is which category under the use of reusable equipment?
|
Noncritical.
|
|
Ventilator circuits can be used for how long?
|
Up to 7 days.
|
|
What type of water should be placed in a nebulizer?
|
Sterile distilled water.
|
|
There are three major issues to consider when using Disposable Equipment. What are they?
|
Cost, quality and reuse.
|
|
What are the procedures for Handling Laboratory Specimens?
|
Use gloves, avoid contamination of container and/or specimen, ensure container does not leak, and properly label container & bag.
|
|
What do Standard Precautions apply to?
|
Blood, all body fluids, non-intact skin and mucous membranes.
|
|
What are the seven Standard Precautions that should be used?
|
Handwashing, gloves, masks, eye protection & face shields, gowns, patient care equipment handling, occupational health & bloodborne pathogens, and patient placement.
|
|
Expanded Precautions are also known as?
|
Transmission Based Precautions.
|
|
There are three types of transmission based precautions. What are they?
|
Airborne precautions, droplet precautions and contact precautions.
|
|
How do you reduce the risk of Airborne Infections?
|
By placing the patient in an isolation room and wear proper respiratory protection.
|
|
What are the steps to proper handwashing?
|
Thorough wetting of hands, washing around wrist and forearms, scrubbing palms, and washing between digits on back of hand.
|
|
What should be used when washing your hands?
|
Either plain or antiseptic-containing soap and water and/or the use of alcohol-based products.
|
|
How long should you wash your hands for?
|
At least 15 seconds.
|
|
Which is preferred, soap & water or alcohol-based products and why?
|
Alcohol-based products, because of their superior microbicidal activity, the reduced drying of the skin and the conveinence.
|
|
Among respiratory equipment, what has the greatest potential to to spread infections?
|
Large Volume Nebulizers.
|
|
What are the two key sources for patient data?
|
Medical record and physical examination.
|
|
The process of interviewing and examining the patient for signs and symptoms of disease and the effects of treatment is called?
|
The Bedside Assessment.
|
|
Bluish discoloration of the skin?
|
Cyanosis.
|
|
Mucus from the tracheobronchial tree?
|
Phlegm.
|
|
Discontinuous abnormal breath sounds?
|
Crackles.
|
|
Prefix for Rapid?
|
Tachy.
|
|
__________emphysema is air under the skin?
|
Subcutaneous.
|
|
Look for distended veins here?
|
Neck.
|
|
Mucus that comes out of the mouth?
|
Sputum.
|
|
Medical term for slow?
|
Brady.
|
|
Extra, or abnormal sounds?
|
Adventitious.
|
|
The difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure is called?
|
Pulse Pressure.
|
|
LOC stands for?
|
Level of Consciousness.
|
|
Designed to expel mucus?
|
Cough.
|
|
When you go back and forth between the diaphragm & accessory muscles what occurs?
|
Respiratory alternans.
|
|
You have this if your breathing is labored when you lie down?
|
Orthopnea.
|
|
Auscultation reveals what?
|
Breath sound.
|
|
Body temperature below 32 degrees Celsius or 89.6 degrees Fahrenheit is considered?
|
Hypothermia.
|
|
Staying at least 2-4 feet away from a patient in an interview is called what?
|
Giving the patient personal space.
|
|
Sweaty stuff?
|
Diaphoresis.
|
|
______Pressure is when the heart contracts?
|
Systolic.
|
|
Dys, ortho, hypo, tachy, are all prefixes that go along with this one lung suffix, what is it?
|
Pnea.
|
|
When the diapragm is tired and the belly sinks in with each breath, this is called?
|
Abdominal Paradox.
|
|
Abdominal voice sounds heard over consolidation?
|
Bronchophony.
|
|
Slow respiratory rate is called?
|
Bradypnea.
|
|
Chest shape associated with air trapping?
|
Barrel Chest.
|
|
High pitched continuous upper airway sound is called?
|
Stridor.
|
|
The patient's perception of difficult breathing is called?
|
Dyspnea.
|
|
Foul smelling sputum?
|
Fetid.
|
|
Another name for fainting?
|
Syncope.
|
|
Heart rate below 60 is considered?
|
Bradycardia.
|
|
Sputum that contains pus is called?
|
Purulent.
|
|
Patern of end-stage muscle fatigue is called?
|
Alternans.
|
|
Pulse rate, respiratory rate, temperature, and blood pressure are all considered to be?
|
Vital Signs.
|
|
Rapid breathing pattern is called?
|
Tachypnea.
|
|
Coughing up blood or blood-streaked sputum from the lungs is called?
|
Hemoptysis.
|
|
Primary organ for gas exchange?
|
Lung.
|
|
Fever is also known as?
|
Febrile.
|
|
Dyspnea happens because SOB exists when WOB increases or the drive to breathe is excessive. What is SOB and WOB stand for?
|
Short of Breath and Work of Breathing.
|
|
Most common symptom seen in patients with pulmonary disease is called?
|
Cough.
|
|
Clear and thick sputum is called?
|
Mucoid.
|
|
White, yellow, green, brown and red all pertain to what?
|
Sputum color.
|
|
Vomiting blood from the GI tract is called?
|
Hematemesis.
|
|
What is the term for the lung not being sensitive to pain?
|
Lung Parenchyma.
|
|
Associated with inflammation of the plueral lining?
|
Plueritic Pain.
|
|
What is considered not affected by breathing and is a dull ache or pressure type pain?
|
Nonplueritic pain.
|
|
Swelling in the lower extremities is called?
|
Pedal Edema.
|
|
Inspection, Palpation, Percussion and Auscultation are all part of what?
|
Physical Examination.
|
|
Facial expression, level of distress or anxiety, positioning and personal hygiene are all part of what?
|
General Appearance.
|
|
Confused, delirious, lethargic, obtunded, stuporous and comatose are all part of what?
|
Levels of Consciousness.
|
|
What is manifested by tachycardia or tachypnea, and increases O2 consumption, metabolic rate and CO2 production?
|
Fever.
|