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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the properties of a liquid?
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- pressure
- buoyancy - viscosity - cohesion & adhesion - surface tension - capillary action |
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What is Avogadro's Law?
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1 gram atomic weight of any substance= 6.02 x 10(to the 23rd power) atoms
-this is known as 1 mole |
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How much volume does 1 mole of a gas at STPD (standard temperature and pressure dry) occupy?
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22.4 L
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What is normal Pb (barometric pressure)?
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- 760 mmHg
- 14.7 PSI - 1034cm H2O - 33ft of water |
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Water vapor (or humidity) exerts pressure. What is the partial pressure of water (PH2O) at 100% RH at 37 degrees Celsius?
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- 47mmHG
- 44mg H2O/L= 47mmHg (PH2O) |
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What does Dalton's Law state?
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- the sum total of the individual partial pressures of gases in the atmosphere are equal to the barometric pressure
- the pressure of each gas will be exerted when separated from a mixture (ex. PN2= PB * %N2) |
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What are the concentrations of atmospheric gases?
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- Oxygen (20.95%)
- Nitrogen (78.08%) - Argon (0.93%) - Carbon Dioxide (0.03%) - Trace Gases (0.01%) |
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What does the partial pressure of a gas equal?
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- Pb * concentration (ex. 760mmHg * 0.21= 159mmHg for O2)
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How much pressure does water vapor exert in the lung?
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47mmHg
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What does the water vapor pressure in the lungs change?
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- changes the pressure of the atmospheric gases in the alveoli (ex. Pb= 760mmHg - 47mmHg= 713mmHg)
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Because of the change in the barometric pressure in the alveoli, how does the partial pressure of O2 change?
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PO2= 713mmHg * 0.21= 149mmHg
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Is the amount of CO2 in the lungs higher than the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere?
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yes
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What is CO2 affected by in the lungs?
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- affected by the respiratory quotient (the unequal exchange of O2 for CO2)
(149 - PaCO2/0.8) |
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In addition to the effects of PH2O on partial pressure of gases in the alveoli, what will the CO2 diffusing from the bloodstream into the alveoli further decrease?
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alveolar PO2
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Explain the indirect relationship between the pressures of CO2 and O2 regarding the application of Dalton's Law?
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- since CO2 is leaving the bloodstream, (a closed system), and entering the respiratory tract (an open system), there is an indirect relationship between the pressures of CO2 and O2
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What do increases in PACO2 result in?
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decreases in PAO2 (this indirect relationship only involves CO2 and O2 because they are the only metabolically active gases)
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What must Dalton's Law be modified to account for?
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incoming CO2 when applied to alveolar O2
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What is the ideal alveolar gas equation?
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PAO2= FIO2 (Pb-PH20) - PCO2/RQ
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What is the Ideal Gas Law?
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if mass is constant: P1V1/T1=P2V2/T2
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What does Boyle's Law state?
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- if temperature and mass are constant then volume and pressure are inversely proportional
P1V1= P2V2 |
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What does Charles' Law state?
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- if pressure and mass are constant then temperature and volume are directly proportional
V1/T1= V2/T2 |
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What does Gay-Lussac's Law state?
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- if volume and mass remain constant, pressure and temperature are directly proportional
P1/T1= P2/T2 |
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What temperature scale do all gas laws use?
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Kelvin (C+273= Kelvin)
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What are the agencies that regulate gas administration?
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- DOT (Department of Transportation)
- HHS (Department of Health & Human Services) - OSHA (Occupational Safety & Health Administration) |
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What is the FDA (Food & Drug Administration) a part of?
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- part of HHS (regulates the purity of gases)
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What are the recommending bodies concerning gases?
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- CGA (Compressed Gas Association); created safety systems
- NFPA (National Fire Protection Assn.); fire prevention/governs storage - Z79 (Committee of American National Standards for Anesthetic Equipment) |
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What does the Z-79 include?
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- ventilator devices
- reservoir bags - trachea tubes and their connectors - humidifiers - other related equipment |
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What size cylinders is color coding used for?
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- E cylinders (not mandatory for larger cylinders)
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What is the color code for Oxygen?
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- green (white internationally)
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What is the color code for CO2?
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- grey
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What is the color code for Nitrous oxide?
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- blue
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What is the color code for Cyclopropane?
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- orange
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What is the color code for Helium?
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- brown
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What is the color code for Ethylene?
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- red
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What is the color code for air?
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- yellow
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What is the color code for Nitrogen?
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- black
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