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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
1. The personal awareness you have of both internal and external stimuli, and your thoughts concerning those stimuli, comprise your:
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Conciousness
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2. According to Sigmund Freud, conscious and unconscious processes are different:
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Levels of Awareness
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3. An electroencephalograph is a device that measures:
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Electrical activity of the brain over time be means of recording electrodes attached to the surface of the scalp
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4. Evolutionary psychology suggests that consciousness:
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Must have evolved
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5. Circadian rhythms are biological cycles that are:
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Found in humans and many other species
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6. Circadian rhythms have been shown to influence what?
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Regulation of sleep, as well as: blood pressure, urine production, hormonal secretion
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7. How long does it typically take a person to readjust her biological clock after experiencing jet lag?
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About 1 day for each time zone crossed
East: about 1 day West: about 2/3 of a day |
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8. Research has shown that people who work on a rotating shift schedule are ____ to have accidents and be ____ productive than people who do not work on a rotating shift schedule.
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More likely, less
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9. Which hormone plays a key role in adjusting the day-night cycle?
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Melatonin
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10. Bailey is hooked up to an electroencephalograph (EEG) in a sleep lab. She has been asleep for just over an hour now, and her EEG is showing low amplitude, irregular brain wave patterns. Her breathing and pulse rate are irregular, and her eyes are darting back and forth beneath her closed eyelids. The researcher who is monitoring Bailey's sleep can conclude that Bailey:
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Is in the 5th Stage or REM stage of sleep
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11. Dreaming is typically associated with:
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REM Stage of Sleep
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12. Psychoactive drugs exert their effect on the brain by:
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By altering neurotransmitter activity
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13. The most widely abused drug in the United States is:
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Alcohol
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14. What appears to be responsible for regulating the circadian rhythm?
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Exposure to light
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15. What did William James mean by his term "the stream of consciousness"?
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Concioussness is always changing
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16. According to Freud, the hidden or disguised meaning of the events in dreams is the ____ of the dream.
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Latent content
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17. Recent research on ecstasy has suggested that ecstasy:
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Has many health issues: depression, anxiety, loss of memory, heart attacks, etc..
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18. A relatively durable change in behavior or knowledge that is due to experience defines:
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Learning
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19. The type of learning in which a stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus is:
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Classical Conditioning
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20. In classical conditioning, a UCS is:
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Unconditioned Stimulus: A stimulus which is already established through inborn instinct (food is good, pain is bad)
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21. A conditioned stimulus is:
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A previously neutral stimulus that has, through conditioning, acquired the capacity to evoke a CR
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22. The gradual weakening and disappearance of a tendency to make a conditioned response is termed:
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Extinction
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23. Spontaneous recovery describes:
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Further evidence that extinction is not erasure or simply forgetting
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24. If a dog that has been classically conditioned to salivate when shown a square also salivates when shown a rectangle, the dog's behavior illustrates:
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Stimulus Generalization
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25. When an organism responds to a specific stimulus or conditioned stimulus and doesn't respond to another stimulus that is similar to the conditioned stimulus, it is referred to as:
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Stimulus discrimination
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26. In Watson's famous "Little Albert" experiment, Albert was classically conditioned to:
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Cry when shown a white rat
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27. Operant conditioning is a type of learning in which:
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Voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences
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28. According to Skinner, the fundamental principle of operant conditioning is that organisms tend to repeat those responses that:
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Are followed with consequences
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29. The key dependent variable measured in operant conditioning studies is:
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Response rate
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30. Operant responses are typically established through a gradual process in which closer and closer approximations of the desired response are reinforced. This process is called:
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Shaping
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31. If you are "shaping" a child to pick up all his toys, what would you need to do each time the child does a better job of picking up his toys than he did previously?
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Reinforcement
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32. The gradual disappearance of an operant response that is no longer being reinforced is called:
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Extinction
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33. Reinforcers that are inherently reinforcing because they satisfy biological needs are called:
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Primary
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34. The three basic processes in memory are:
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Sensory, short, long term : sensory input, attention, storage
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35. The first memory process that involves getting information into memory is:
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Sensory Input (sensory), Attention/rehearsal (short), Storage (long)
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36. The basic process in memory that involves formation of a memory code is:
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Encoding
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37. The memory process of storage involves:
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encoding, storage, retrieval
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38. The process of locating and recovering information from your memory store is:
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Retrieval
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39. Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events defines:
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Attention
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40. Kwan is driving to campus and his phone rings. Based on the results of studies on divided attention, should Kwan answer the phone?
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No
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41. Norm is studying for his law exam. While he is studying, he is trying to think of as many examples as he can to illustrate key ideas. In this case, Norm is using:
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Elaboration
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42. Erin is studying for her anatomy exam. While she is studying, she tries to create as many pictures as she can to illustrate key ideas. In this case, Erin is using:
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Visual Imagery
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43. Which theory suggests that memory is enhanced by forming both semantic and visual codes?
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Dual Coding Theory
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44. Sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory comprise the three components of:
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Memory Storage
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45. You look up the phone number of the new Pizza Hut and repeat the number silently in your head until you find a pad of paper to write it down. The process of actively repeating the number is called:
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Rehearsal
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46. Rehearsal is most beneficial for maintaining information in ____ memory.
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Short-term memory
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47. Mark is listening as his roommate lists 14 things that they need to buy for their apartment before the end of the week. Based on George Miller's research into the capacity of short-term memory, if Mark doesn't write the items down as he hears them, he is most likely to remember:
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7 plus or minus 2
(5-9) |
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48. The storage capacity of short-term memory can be increased by combining items into larger units called:
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Chunks
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49. Which memory system is referred to in your text as "working memory"?
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Short-term memory
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50. Long-term memory:
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Unlimited capacity store that can hold info over lengthy periods of time
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