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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Trait
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characteristics that are inherited
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Sex chromosome
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either of a pair of chromosomes that determine whether an individual is male or female.
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X chromosome
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female
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Y chromosome
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male
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Mendel
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monk, took care of the garden
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dominant
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the gene that covers up the effect of the other one (R)
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recessive
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effect of a gene is hidden (r)
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Gene
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part of DNA that determines a trait
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Chromosone
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part of the cell that carries hereditary information in the form of genes -- one long piece of DNA.
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Genetics
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study of the inheritance of characteristics by children from parents
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DNA
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basic substance of heredity
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Heterozygous (hybrid)
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that both of the genes for a trait are difference (Tt, Rr)
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Homozygous (purebred)
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that both of the genes for a trait are exactly the same (rr, bb, tt)
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Genotype
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the genetic make-up of a trait
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phenotype
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this is what the organisms looks like
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Mutation
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a sudden change in a gene or a chromosone
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a chart that shows all of the members of the family, specifically following one specific trait
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pedigree chart
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genetics
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a unit of heredity
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Punnet
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came up with the Punnet square
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F1
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First generation
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Laws of segregation
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Mendel's conclusion that a parent passes on one alle for each trait to its offspring
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heredity
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the passing on of a characteristics from parents to offspring
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gametes
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another name for sex cells
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fertilization
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the uniting of male and female gameter
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Amniocentesis
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the surgical insertion of a hollow needle through the abdominal wall and into the uterus of a pregnant female and the aspiration of fluid from the amniotic sac for analysis
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Karyotype
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Fetal cells contained in the amniotic fluid also can be cultured and the karyotype (chromosome morphology) determined to identify chromosomal abnormality
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Incomplete dominance
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neither gene if dominant but the effects of the genes will mix
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CoDominance
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neither gene is dominant but they both show
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mytoses
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process by which body cells divide into two similar cells
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