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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the passing of traits from parent to offspring?
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heredity
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What is an organism with two different alleles for a trait?
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hybrid
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What are the factors that control traits?
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genes
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What are the physical characteristics of organisms?
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traits
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What is an allele whose trait always shows up in the organism?
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dominant allele
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What are the different forms of a gene?
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alleles
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What is the scientific study of heredity?
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genetics
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What is an allele whose trait is masked in the presence of a dominant allele?
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recessive allele
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What is a chart that showsall the possible cominations of alleles that can result fro a genetic cross?
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punnett square
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What is a number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur?
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probability
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What is an organism that has two identical alleles for a trait?
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homozygous
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What is an organism's physical appearance?
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phenotype
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What is an organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations?
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genotype
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What is an organism that has two different alleles for a trait?
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heterozygous
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What is an inheritance pattern in which the alleles are neither dominant nor recessive?
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codominance
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What did Sutton study?
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the cells of grasshoppers
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What did he want to understand?
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how sex cells form
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What happens during sexual reproduction?
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genetic material from 2 parents combines to produce a new organism, which differs form both parents
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What is the chromosome theory of inheritance?
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genes are carried form parents to their offspring on chromosomes
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What is meiosis?
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the process by which th enumber of chromosomes are reduced by half to form sex cells (sperm and egg)
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Before meiosis begins, every what in the parent cell is what?
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- chromosome
- copied |
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Chromosome pairs line up in the center of the cell. The pairs what, and the what form. Each sex cell has what of chromosomes.
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- separate
- two cells - half the number |
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Sex cells combine to produce offspring. Each sex cell contributes what of chromosomes. The offspring gets the what of chromosomes.
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- half the number
- normal number |
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A punnet square is a way to show the events that occur during what?
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meiosis
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True or False: During meiosis, the two alleles for each gene stay together.
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true
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If the male parent cell is heterozygous for a trait, Tt, what alleles could the sperm cells possibly have?
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TT, Tt, tt
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How many pairs of chromosomes do human body cells contain?
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23 chromosome pairs
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What are chromosomes made up of?
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many genes joined togetherlike beads on a string
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How are the genes lined up in a pair of chromosomes?
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same order on both chromosomes
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What are the mutations?
- white lemur (in a zoo) - white lemur (in the wild) - antibiotic resistance i bacteria |
- neutral
- harmful - helpful |
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What occurs during protein syntheisi?
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the cell uses information from a gene on a chromosome to produce a specific protein
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What is the genetic code?
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a code that specifies what type of protein to produce
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A what is any change in a gene or chromosome?
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mutation
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A type of RNA that carries amino acids and adds them to the growing protein is called what?
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transfer RNA
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What is RNA that copies the coded message from the DNA in the nucleus and carries the message into the cytoplasm?
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messenger RNA
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