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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
limited government
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the idea that government is restricted in what it may do, and every individual has certain rights that government cannot take away
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representative government
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the idea that government should serve the will of the people; people should have a voice in deciding what government should and should not do
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Magna Carta
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1215; included guarantees of such fundamental rights as trial by jury and due process of law; established the idea that the monarchy's power was not absolute
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due process
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protection against arbitrary taking of life, liberty, or property
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petition of right
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limited the king's power by:
1. king could no longer imprison/punish any person but by the lawful judgement of his peers or by the law of the land 2. king could not impose martial law or military rule in times of peace 3: king could not require homeowners to shelter the king's troops without their consent the petition challenged the idea of the divine right of kings, declaring that even a monarch must obey the law of the land |
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English bill of rights
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1689; prohibited a standing army in peacetime, except with the consent of Parliament; included guarantees as the right to a fair trial, freedom from excessive bail and from cruel and unusual punishmen
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charter
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a written grant of authority from the king; gave colonists or companies a grant of land and some governing rights
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royal colonies
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colonies that were subject to the direct control of the Crown
government; king names governor to serve as the colony's chief executive; a council named by the king, served as an advisory body to the royal governor |
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bicameral
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two house legislature
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proprietary colonies
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colonies organized by a proprietor, a person to whom the king had made a grant of land
government: like the royal colonies except the governor was appointed by the proprietor |
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unicameral
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one house legislature
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charter colonies
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The MA Bay Colony was the first of this kind of colony
government: governors were elected each year by the white, male, property owners; king's approval was required but hardly ever asked |
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confederation
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a joining of several groups for a common purpose
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Albany plan of union
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B. Franklin's plan that proposed the creation of an annual congress of delegates from each of the 13 colonies which would have the power to raise military and naval forces, make war and peace with the Native Americans, regulate trade with them, tax, and collect custom duties
made as a solution to the problem of colonial trade and the danger of attacks |
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delegates
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representatives
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Stamp Act
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required the use of tax stamps on all legal documents, certain business agreements, and on newspapers
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Boston Massacre
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British troops firing on a jeering crowd in MA
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First Continental congress
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discussed the worsening situation and debated plans for action; delegates urged the colonies to refuse all trade with England until the hated taxes and trade regulations were repealed
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Second Continental congress
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met in Philadelphia; became the nation's first national government; condemned by the British an unlawful assembly; served as the first government of the United States for 5 years; raised armies and a navy, borrowed funds, bought supplies, created a money system, made treaties with foreign powers, and other things
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popular sovereignty
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power is vested in the people and that those chosen to govern must exercise it in conformity with the general will
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articles of confederation
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established 'a firm league of friendship' among the states
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ok
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governmental structure of AOF:
- congress was the sole body - it was unicameral - made up of delegates chosen yearly by the State - established no executive or judicial branch |
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ratification
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formal approval
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powers of congress under AOC?
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1. make war and peace
2. send and receive ambassadors 3. make treaties 4. borrow money 5. set up a money system 6. establish post offices 7. build a navy, raise an army b asking States for troops 8. fix uniform standards of weights and measures 9. settle disputes among states |
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state obligations under AOC
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1. obey the articles and acts of the congress
2. provide the funds and troops requested by congress 3. treat citizens of other states fairly and equally within their own borders 4. give full faith and credit to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other states 5. agreed to surrender fugitives from justice to one another 6. agreed to submit their disputes to congress for settlement 7. allow open travel and trade among the states |
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weaknesses for Congress under AOC
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1. did not have the power to tax
- could raise money only by borrowing and asking the states for funds 2. regulate trade between the states 3. lack of power to make the States obey the AOC or the laws it made |
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framers
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many outstanding individuals; men of wide knowledge and public experience
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the virginia plan
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called for a new government with three separate branches (legislative, executive, and judicial); bicameral; representation in each house was to be based either on population or the amount of money a state gave for the support of the central government; favored big states
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new jersey plan
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retained the unicameral congress, called for a 'federal executive' of more than one person; favored smaller states
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Connecticut compromise
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agreed that congress should be composed of 2 houses, states would be represented equally in the senate and by population in the house
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three-fifths compromise
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provided that all 'free persons' should be counted and that 'three-fifths' of slaves be counted when counting a state's population; favored slave states
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commerce and slave trade compromise
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congress was forbidden the power to tax the export of goods from any state, forbidden the power to act on the slave trade for a period of at least 20 years
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federalists
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favored the ratification; wanted a strong national government
people: james madison, alexander hamilton |
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anti-federalists
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against ratification; wanted a bill of rights; afraid fo big government
people: patrick henry, richard henry lee, john hancock, samuel adams |