Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What size the the pleura cavity in adults?
|
Small
|
|
the pleura cavity is the space between the ______ and the ______
|
-visceral pleura
-parietal pleura |
|
which pleura is applied to the lung itself?
|
visceral pleura
|
|
what are the 4 divisions of the parietal pleura?
|
1) costal
2) madiastinal 3) diaphragmatic 4) pleura capula |
|
what is NOT invaded by the lungs?
|
costodiaphragmatic recess
|
|
what supplies blood to the costal pleura?
|
segmental vessels of thoracic wall (intercostal aa)
|
|
what supplies blood to visceral pleura and lung tissue?
|
bronchial aa
|
|
what are the bronchial aa branching from?
|
the aorta
(or from 3rd intercostal a. on the right) |
|
which pleura is sensitive to pain, and which pleura is not?
|
-parietal pleura is sensitive
-visceral pleura is not |
|
if there is irritation in the costal pleura (part of the parietal pleura), where is this pain felt?
|
in the chest wall
|
|
Irritation of diaphragmatic or mediastinal pleura (part of parietal pleura) causes pain where?
|
in the neck
|
|
What nerves have to do with pain felt in the neck after irritation of mediastinal pleura or diaphragmatic pleura?
|
-supraclavicular n (C3&C4)
-phrenic n (C3-C5) |
|
What is it called when air enters the pleural cavity?
|
pneumothorax
|
|
during pneumothorax, there is a loss of ______ and the lung _____ due to its ______
|
-negative pressure
-collapses -elasticity |
|
What is it called when blood collects in the pleural cavity?
|
hemothorax
|
|
how high does the pleura rise?
|
as high as the neck of the first rib (above jugular notch)
|
|
costodiaphragmatic recess is very _____ and keeps with ______ of diaphragm
|
-extensive
-dome shape of diaphragm |
|
What are the 3 surfaces of the lungs?
|
1) costal
2) medial 3) diaphragmatic |
|
the medial surface of the lungs includes what other surfaces?
|
1) mediastinal
2) vertebral |
|
How many lobes does the right lung have, and what are they called?
|
-3 lobes
-superior, middle, and inferior |
|
How many lobes does the left lung have, and what are they called?
|
-2 lobes
-superior and inferior |
|
What are the fissues of the right lung?
|
-oblique
-horizontal |
|
What are the fissues of the left lung?
|
-oblique
|
|
The oblique fissues define which lobes?
|
lower (basal) lobes
|
|
The horizontal fissues definte which lobes?
|
upper and middle lobes
|
|
lingula means:
|
"tongue of the lung"
|
|
where is the lingula found?
|
under the lobe of left lung
-in the same position of middle lobe on right lung |
|
where do the lungs recieve air from? (generally)
|
trachea
|
|
the trachea branches into:
|
primary bronchus
|
|
which lung are foreign objects usually inhaled into, and why?
|
right lung, because the primary bronchus is larger
|
|
what do primary brochus divide into, and what do those divide into?
|
-secondary (lobar) bronchi
-tertiary (segmental) bronchi |
|
How many tertiary/segmental bronchi are on each lung?
|
-10 on right
-8 on left |
|
what makes up the root?
|
structures that enter and leave the lung
|
|
what does the root join?
|
the hilus
|
|
what lies posteriorly to the root?
|
the bronchus
|
|
what lies superior to the root?
|
pulminary artery
|
|
what lies inferior to the root?
|
pulminary veins
|
|
what is the saying to remember where the bronchi, pulminary artery, and veins are?
|
"bronchi to the back, a. above v."
|
|
what is below the root?
|
pulminary ligament
|
|
what does the pulminary ligament attach to?
|
the mediastinal pleura
|
|
what must be severed in order to remove the lung from the chest?
|
the pulminary ligament
|
|
what are bronchopulmonary segments?
|
segments of the lobe that the tertiary bronchi go to
|
|
each pulmonary segment revieves:
|
air w/ its own segmental bronchi
|
|
what does each bronchopulmonary segment recieve via pulmonary arteries?
|
deoxygenated blood
|
|
how does the oxygenated blood leave the bronchopulmonary segments, and where does it go?
|
-pulmonary veins
-right atrium |
|
T/F
each pulmonary vein only drains one bronchopulmonary segment |
false, onee vein often drains more than one segment
|
|
major impressions on the Right lung:
|
1) groove for esophagus
2) cardiac impression 3) grooves for brachiocephalic v. 4) groove for superior vena cava 5) groove for arch of azygos |
|
major impressions on the Left Lung
|
1) groove for subclavian artery
2) groove for aorta 3) cardiac impression |
|
What causes air to go into lungs? (ventilation)
|
negative pressure within pleural cavities
|
|
quiet inspiration is caused by:
|
contraction of diaphragm
|
|
what kind of muscle is the diaphragm made of, and what does it do when it contracts?
|
-skeletal muscle
-flattens |
|
what is each half of the diaphragm innervated by?
|
phrenic n.
|
|
what ventral rami is the phrenic n. from?
|
ventral rami C3-C5
|
|
what does the phrenic n. rest on?
|
scalenes and thorax
|
|
what does the phrenic n. lie between?
|
mediastinal pleura and pericardium
|
|
what kind of joint is the 1st costal cartilage?
|
synchondrosis
|
|
what kind of joints are most of the ribs with the sternum and vertebrae?
|
synovial
|
|
synovial joints allow what kind of movement?
|
volentary movement
|
|
movement at costotransverse joints suggests what about the upper ribs?
|
upper ribs carry sternum anteriorly during inspirtation
|
|
movement at costotransverse joints suggests what about the lower ribs?
|
they flare out during inspiration, increasing lateral dimension of chest
|
|
what kind of "mechanism" are the upper ribs compared to?
|
"pump handle" mechanism
|
|
what kind of "mechanism" are the lower ribs compared to?
|
"bucket handle" mechanism
|
|
Quiet inspiration involves contractions of these three muscles:
|
1) diaphragm
2) scalnenes 3) internal intercostals |
|
how much tidal volume does the diaphragm make up?
|
about 80-85%
|
|
where do the scalenes attach?
|
1st and 2nd ribs
|
|
What muscles are involved in forced inspiration?
|
1) diaphragm, scalenes, internal intercostals
2) upper trapezius 3) sternocleidomastoid 4) scapular stabalizers (levator scapulae, rhomboids, trapezius) 5) serratus posterior superior 6) levators costarum |
|
After a race, what do you do and why?
|
lean foward and prop upper limbs on something to stabalize/elevate the scapulae (like the scapular stabalizers)
|
|
what does tracheal cartilage do?
|
helps to prevent collapse of airway during rapid inspiration
|
|
expiration is a ______ process, which has to do with _______.
|
-"possitive" process
-elasticity of the chest wall |
|
what do abdominal muscles have to do with forced expiration?
|
they assist in increasing intra-abdominal & intrathoracic pressure which force air out of lungs
|
|
what other muscle besides the abdominal muscles contribute to forced expiration?
|
serratus posterior inferior
|
|
what is a mechanism used for those with pulmonary disease?
|
coughing
|