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177 Cards in this Set
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Materials that can react or ignite if they are exposed to air and the potential for container failure due to over-pressurization exists
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Air reactivity
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Produce disease and are living microorganisms that can mutate and become more deadly
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Biological agents and toxins
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Temperature at which the transition from a liquid to a gas state occurs,
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Boiling Point
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Used to control the rate of a chemical reaction by speeding up or slowing down
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Catalyst
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Caused when two or more chemicals, or the chemical and its container are incompatible
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Chemical Interactions
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Caused by both elements and compounds to make new substances with their own physical and chemical properties
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Chemical Reaction
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Describes a substances propensity to release energy or undergo change
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Chemical reactivity
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Separate elements that bond together to form compound mixture
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Compound Mixture
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The amount of acid or base is compared to the amount of water present
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Concentration
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indicates the concentration of hydrogen ions in the material being tested
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Corrosivity
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Relates to the process of liquefying gases and is the minimum temperature at which a gas can be liquefied no matter how much pressure is applied
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Critical temperature and pressure
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The concentration or amount of material to which the body is exposed over a specific time period
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Dose
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The radiation dose delivered per unit of time (e.g., mrem / hour)
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Dose rate
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Heat Absorbing / Heat producing
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Endothermic / Exothermic
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The amount of gas produced by a given volume of liquid at a given temperature
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Expansion ratio
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The difference between the upper and lower flammable limits
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Flammable range (LEL & UEL)
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The temperature at which enough vapors are given off to support continuous burning
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Fire point
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The minimum temperature at which material will ignite but not continue to burn
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Flash point
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They are often more toxic than naturally occurring organic chemicals. Decompose into smaller more harmful elements at high temps long periods of time
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Halogenated hydrocarbon
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The minimum temperature to which a material must be raised before it will ignite
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ignition (autoignition) temperature
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Added to products to control their chemical reaction with other products
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Inhibitor
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Materials that decompose spontaneously, polymerize, or otherwise self-react and are generally considered unstable
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Instability
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Materials made through the sharing or transfer of electrons
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Ionic and covalent compounds
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They cause respiratory distress and copious tearing that incapacitate a victim
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irritants (riot control agents)
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The maximum temperature that an organic peroxide may be stores safely
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Maximum safe storage temperature (MSST)
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The temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid allowing it to spread more readily / The temperature at which a liquid converts to solid
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Melting point/Freezing point
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Miscibility
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Refers to the tendency or ability of two or more liquids to form a uniform blend or dissolve into each other (koolaid)
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Substances that interfere with the central nervous system
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Nerve Agents
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Derived from materials that are living or were once living
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organic compounds
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Lacks carbon chains, but may contain a carbon atom.
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Inorganic
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The combining of anything with oxygen or the propensity to yield oxygen which will present a greater hazard
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oxidation potential
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The numerical measure of a solutions hydrogen ion concentration as related to acidity or alkalinity
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pH
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The characteristic form of a material at ambient temperature
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Physical state
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Having a pair of equal and opposite charges
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Polar
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Chemical reaction in which small molecules combine to form larger molecules (Shaving Cream, Silly string)
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Polymerization
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The ability of a material to emit radioactive energy
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Radioactivity
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Materials in which the carbon atoms are linked by only single covalent bonds
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Saturated Hydrocarbons
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Materials that have at least one multiple bond between two carbon atoms
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Unsaturated hydrocarbons
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Materials that contain the benzene ring, which is formed by 6 carbon atoms and contains double double bonds
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Aromatic hydrocarbons
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When this temperature is reached by some portion of the mass of the organic peroxide, irreversible decomposition will begin
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Self-accelerating decomposition temperature
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Pourable mixture of a solid and a liquid
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Slurry
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Mixture in which all the ingredients are completely dissolved
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Solution
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The weight of a solid or liquid compared to an equal volume of water
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Specific gravity
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The ability of a substance to change from a solid to the vapor phase without passing through the liquid phase
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Sublimation
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Influences the hazards present and the measures taken to control an incident that involves that product
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Temperature of product
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Some materials generate more highly toxic gases than others do;
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Toxic products of combustion
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Weight of a vapor compared to air
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Vapor density
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The force exerted on the inside of a closed container by the vapor in the space above the liquid in the container
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Vapor pressure
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These agents are extremely toxic, with the symptoms of exposure on appearing for minutes, hours, to days
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Vesicants (blister agents)
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Measure of the thickness of a liquid
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Viscosity
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Ease with which a liquid or solid can pass into a vapor state
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Volatility
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Describes the sensitivity of a material to water without the addition of heat or confinement
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Water reactivity
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The ability of a substance to form a solution with water that can be important in determining control methods
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Water solubility
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Instrument readings used to determine the degree of hazard and values used to establish exposure limits
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Parts per million/billion (ppm/ppb)
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causes the death of 50 percent of a group of test animals exposed to it by any route other than inhalation
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Lethal dose (LD50)
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The amount of a material in the air that, that caused the death of 50 percent of test animals by inhalation
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Lethal concentrations (LC50)
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An OSHA term for the maximum concentration averaged over 8 hours per day of 95 percent healthy adults for 40 hours per week
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Permissible exposure limit (PEL)
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An American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) term for maximum concentration, averaged of 8 hours/day 40 hours/week
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Threshold limit value time-wighted average (TLV-TWA)
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This is the maximum average concentration, averaged over a 15-minute period to which a healthy adult can safely be exposed (15 minutes 1 hour/in between)
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Threshold limit value short-term exposure limit (TLV-STEL)
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This is the maximum concentration to which a healthy adult can be exposed without risk of injury, and the exposure to higher concentrations should not occur
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Threshold limit ceiling (TLV-C)
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This is the maximum level to which a healthy worker can be exposed for 30 minutes and escape without suffering irreversible health effects
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Immediately dangerous to life and health value (IDLH)
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The radiation absorbed dose equals the energy absorption of 100 ergs per gram of irradiated material (an erg is a unit of work energy)
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RAD
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Roentgen equivalent man
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Rem
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international unit of intensity of X rays or gamma rays. Used to measure the amount of radiation produced
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Roentgen (one roentgen equals 1000 Milliroentgens)
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Positively charged radiation particle emitted by some radioactive materials and is not considered dangerous unless ingested
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Alpha particles
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Type of radiation that can damage skin tissue, and they can damage internal organs if they enter the body
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Beta Particles
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Type of radiation particle that may cause skin burns and can severely injure internal organs, Can penetrate nearly any material
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Gamma particles
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Disintegrations of radiation per second (measure of radiation)
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Activity
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represents the amount of energy deposited per unit mass of absorbing material
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Absorbed dose
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Measure of the rate of decay of radioactive material
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Half-life
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the effect from a localized source spreads uniformly throughout the surrounding space. such as the light from a match, radiation from a piece of uranium, and the sound of a cricket
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Inverse square law
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Methods of protecting oneself from harmful exposure to radiation
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Time, Distance, Shielding
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Identify car by type and at least one hazard class
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Cryogenic Liquid Tank Car. 2.2
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Identify car by type and at least one hazard class
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Nonpressure Tank Car. 3,4,5,6,8, and 9
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Identify car by type and at least one hazard class
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Pneumatically Unloaded Covered Hopper Car. 4,8,6,8, and 9
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Identify car by type and at least one hazard class
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Pressure Tank Car. 2.1,2.2,2.3, and 3
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Identify car by type and at least one hazard class
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Non Pressure Intermodal
3,6,and 8 |
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Identify car by type and at least one hazard class
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Pressure Intermodal
2.1, 2.2, 2.3, and 3 |
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Identify car by type and at least one hazard class
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Intermodal Tube Containers
2 |
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Identify car by type and at least one hazard class
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Cryogenic Intermodal
2.2 |
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Identify Trailer by type and at least one hazard class
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Dry Bulk Cargo Trailer
5.1, and 9 |
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Identify Trailer by type and at least one hazard class
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Non-Pressure liquid Cargo Tank
3.1, and 3.2 |
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Identify Trailer by type and at least one hazard class
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Low Pressure Liquid Cargo Tank
3.1, 3.2 |
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Identify Trailer by type and at least one hazard class
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Corrosive liquid Cargo Tank
Class 8 |
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Identify Trailer by type and at least one hazard class
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Cryogenic Liquid Cargo Tank
2.2 |
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Identify Trailer by type and at least one hazard class
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Compressed Gas Tube Trailer
Class 2 |
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Identify Trailer by type and at least one hazard class
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Pressurized Cargo Tank
Class 2 |
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Identify Tank by type and at least one hazard class
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Non Pressure Facility Tank
Class 3, and 8 |
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Identify Tank by type and at least one hazard class
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Floating Roof facility tank
Class 3, and 8 |
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Identify Tank by type and at least one hazard class
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Spheroid Facility Tank
class 2 |
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What percentage of a facility tank has to be underground for it to be considered an underground tank?
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10 % of the tank
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Identify Tank by type and at least one hazard class
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Pressure vessel Facility tank
Class 2 |
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Identify Tank by type and at least one hazard class
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Cryogenic Facility Tank
Class 2 |
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Identify container by type and at least one hazard class
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Ton Container
class 2 |
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Identify by type and at least one hazard class
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Pipeline
2,3,6,8, and 9 |
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Identify non bulk container by type and at least one hazard class
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Bag
1,4,6,8, and 9 |
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Identify non bulk container by type and at least one hazard class
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Carboy
6, 8 |
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Identify non bulk container by type and at least one hazard class
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Cylinder
Class 2 |
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Identify non bulk container by type and at least one hazard class
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Cryogenic Cylinder
Class 2 |
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Identify non bulk container by type
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Drums
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What type of radio active packaging would this fall under?
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Type A, Cardboard boxes wooden crates, cylinders often with inner containment vessel
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What type of Radiological Packaging is this
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Type B radiological Packaging. Steel, concrete, and lead pipes. Size ranges from small and can weigh up to 100 tons
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What type of Radiological Packaging is this
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Type B radiological Packaging. Steel, concrete, and lead pipes. Size ranges from small and can weigh up to 100 tons
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Colormetric tubes, M18A2 Chemical Detection Kit, ICAM, M8/M9 Paper, Enzyme Tickets (256 Kit) Infrared Specrometry (ACADA, ICAM), PID's can all be used to detect what
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Nerve, and Blister Agents
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Hand Held Assays, and Infrared Spectrometry (only in presence) can be used to detect what type of agent
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Biological agents and toxins
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Riot Control Agents can be detected using what?
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Colormetric tubes, Ion-Mobility Spectrometry, Can not be detected with air monitoring devices
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For determining UNKNOWNS what is the order in which you should monitor materials
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Radioactivity, Combustibility, Oxygen availability, pH, if liquid, Hydrogen sulfide,
Carbon Monoxide, Organic vapors |
RCOPHCO (Rachel Came Over & Pulled Her Coat Off / Really Cool Officers Probably Hate Chemical Officers)
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What are some pros/cons Carbon Monoxide Meters
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PRO: Measures the concentration of Carbon Monoxide.
CON: Only Measures Carbon Monoxide |
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Pros/Cons of Colormetric tubes
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Pro: Detects specific gases and vapors
Con: You have to know what material you are looking for, does not give specific quantities |
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Pros/Cons of Combustible gas indicators
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Pro: Measures the concentration of a combustible gas or vapor in the atmosphere
Con: Does not work in Oxygen Deficient environments |
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Pros/Cons of Oxygen Meters
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Pro: allows user to know if Oxygen in atmosphere is Enriched or Deficient, Measures percentage of oxygen
Con: Must be calibrated prior to use. |
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The electrical circuit in a combustible gas meter is known as what?
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a Wheatstone Bridge
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Important for test purposes
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What are Passive dosimeters used for
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Used to monitor for the threshold level value/time weighted average, (TLV/TWA)and the threshold level value/short term exposure limit (TLV/STEL)
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What is the Multirae and what is it used to detect?
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Multirae is used to detect certain toxic chemicals, oxygen levels, Lower explosive Limit. STEL, and the Volatility of a material
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Pros/Cons of the MultiRAE
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Detects Organic, and some Inorganic vapors, Determines the presence of flammable vapors in the air,
Con: Requires warm-up period, may be affected by power lines |
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What do pH indicators, or meters identify.
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pH stands for Potential for Hydrogen. pH meters and paper, measure level of Acid or Base substances
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What do pH indicators, or meters identify.
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pH stands for Potential for Hydrogen. pH meters and paper, measure level of Acid or Base substances
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Pros/Cons of Radiological Detectors
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Pros: Used to monitor Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Neutron Particles
Con: No response does not mean area is safe. |
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What are Reagents
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A substance or solution combined with a material causing a chemical reaction
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Used in detection devices such as Colormetric Tubes to bring out a chemical change
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What are the three levels of Radioactive material found on DOT placards
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Radioactive I - Low
Radioactive II - Medium Radioactive III - High |
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What does "Activity" Mean on a Radioactive Placard?
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1. Rate of disintegration or decay
2. Listed in Bq, Ci, or in SI units 3. Not amount of contents but amount of radioactivity |
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The box at the bottom of a radiological placard is where you find the Transportation Index. What is it?
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Transport Index ranges from 1-10 based on maximum radiation in mrem/hhour at 1 meter from package measures degree of safety and hazard
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How many personnel must be on a sampling team?
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two personnel preferably 3
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What must a HazMat Team do prior to leaving to take a sample?
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Make sure that all items are prepared, Have a back up sample team ready in the same level of PPE as sampling team.
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True of False Sample must be Decontaminated when finished with mission.
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True, Very important to Decontaminate sample bags
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What is an SOP/LERP
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SOP stands for Standard Operating Procedure/ LERP stands for Local Emergency Response Plan
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What are sample numbers?
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Sample numbers are identification numbers used for taking sample. Sample numbers should be placed on primary sample container, exterior sample container, bag, and on the Change of custody form.
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Is a chain of custody form necessary during the sample process.
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a chain of custody form must be kept during the sample process, This is a legal document.
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What is the minimum information on the Chain of Custody Form
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1.Date, Time, Location of Sample
2. Identification of Sampler 3. Physical Description of sample 4. Sample number |
Sample Numbers are consecutive
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What are some examples of Chain of Custody forms
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Department of Defense (DD) form 1911
Department of the Army (DA) 4137 Centers for Disease Control Chain of custody form |
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What happens if a sample is transfered to another person or entity
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It must be documented on the Chain of custody form, and supervised by others
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What is Computer Aided Management of Emergency Operations (CAMEO)
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System of software applications used to plan and respond to chemical emergencies
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Developed by EPA's Emergency Preparedness and Prevention Office (CEPPO)
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What is the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry's (ATSDR)
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Scientific and administrative database, provides access of info on hazardous substances from Superfund sites
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Created by Area Location of Hazardous Atmospheres (ALOHA)
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What is the Chemical Hazard Response Information System (CHRIS)
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Program developed by the Coast Guard deals with Aquatic incidents reactivity on approximately 1200 chemicals
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Useful for initial response, evacuation procedures, and PPE
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What is MEDITEXT Medical Management
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Contains information to assist in evaluating and treating acute exposures to INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS
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Treatment for chemical release exposure's, updated regularly by Experts, hygienists, physicians, and safety professionals
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What is HAZARDTEXT Hazard Management
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Provides info needed for response to Spills, Leaks, Fires, or explosions of Hazardous Materials
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What is the Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
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Provided by the National Library of Medicine. Addresses the impact of more than 4000 substances on health and environment
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ANIMAL STUDIES
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What is the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS)
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Provides EPA health risk assessment info. Used to determine safe levels of human and environment exposure to chemicals
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more than 450 Chemicals
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What is the Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS)
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Offers toxicity of more than 135000 substances a world wide database offers specifics on health effects
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Why are Maps Diagrams helpful at an incident
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It helps those not familiar with incident location to prepare for incident.
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Disadvantage may be that Maps may be out of date
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What is a rapid vaporization
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A release of Cryogenic Liquid above -130 Degrees
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What is the temperature that a Cryogenic Liquid is happy
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Below -150 Degrees
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What is the expansion ratio for cryogenic liquids
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1 to 560 - 1445 The higher the expansion ration the more gass produced and the larger the danger area becomes
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What are Hepatoxins?
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Chemicals that produce liver damage
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What are Nephrotoxins?
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Chemicals that produce kidney damage
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What are Neurotoxins?
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Chemicals that produce there primary toxic effects on the nervous system
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Carbon Monoxide, and Benzene do what to the body
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Decrease hemoglobin in th eblood of function; deprive hematological body tissues of oxygen
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What happens when a chemical may cause pulmonary problems
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the agent attacks the lungs
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What do reproductive toxins target
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The reproductive organs
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What do Cutaneous Hazards affect
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The skin
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What are some methods for determining the pressure in bulk packaging of facility containers?
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Gauging lines, fittings, Temperature of contents.
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May be inaccurate could take up to 6 hours to change temp readings
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Determine the amount of product in a damaged bulk package
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Shipping Documents, Gauging devices, frostline. Look whats on the ground compared to number on shipping documents
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A plug like device, used to separate contents of pipeline, clean pipelines and inspect pipelines is called what
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A PIG
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Types of damages to containers and tank cares are classified as
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Damaged no release
Undamaged no release Damaged release Undamaged release |
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a narrow split or break in the container metal, that can penetrate through metal is classified as what?
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A crack.
Should not be moved until offloaded Considered Criticl |
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a reduction in the thickness of the container shell MADE BY A BLUNT OBJECT
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A Score
Should not be moved until offloaded considered critical |
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A reduction in the thickness of the container shell made by a SHARP, CHISEL-LIKE OBJECT
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A Gouge
Should not be moved until offloaded Considered Critical |
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A deformation of the container metal caused by impact with a BLUNT OBJECT
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A Dent
Should not be moved until offloaded Considered Critical |
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What is the Guide to Hazardous Chemical Reactions
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Contains information mixing of chemicals on 160 different chemicals
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What organization is responsible for the Guide to Hazardous Chemical Reactions
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NFPA 491M
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What is the Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards
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Provides reactive hazardson every reactive hazard that has been documented has over 5000 elements
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What organization is responsible for Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards
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Bretherick
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What is the Hazardous Chemicals Desk Reference
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has 5000 chemicals deemed important and potentially hazardous. for chemical reactions Based on OSHA standard and Cancer research center
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What Organization is responsible for the Hazardous Chemicals Desk Reference
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Lewis
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What is the proper Tank Spacing for a Floating Roof, Fixed , or horizontal tank
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Not over 150 feet in diameter, shall be 1/6th the sum of the adjacent tanks diameter but no less than 3 feet apart
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what do tank venting and flaring systems do
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Minimize the threat of a rupture
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What are some local recourses for dispersion pattern predictions
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Weather service, Computer Models, Industrial facilities, call colleges and universities, county, state, or federal agencies, HD, EPA, Coast Guard
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Steps for determining the extent of the physical safety and health hazards within the endangered area
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First, Determine concentration
Second, determine acceptable exposure limits |
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How do you determine the potential outcomes within the endangered area and to improve the situation
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Know the product, the container, the environment and know if it is a spill, leak or fire
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What are the LEL evacuation limits determined by EPA
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Less than 10%LEL - Continue working 10% - 25% LEL - Continue working with continuous monitoring greater than 25% withdraw
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What are the three response objectives
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Offensive, Defensive, and non-intervention.
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Based on estimated outcomes, stage of the incident, Consider how to stop the even from occurring an to stop future events
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How do you Change Applied Stress?
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1. Move Stressor
2. Move Stressed System 3. Shield Stressed System |
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How do you change the Breach size?
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1. Chill Contents
2. Limit Stress Levels 3. Activate Venting System 4. Mechanical Repair |
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How do you change quantity of of hazard released
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1. Change container position
2. Minimize pressure differential 3. Cap off breach 4. Remove contents |
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How do you change the size of the danger zone?
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Barriers, Adsobents (Add to), Absorbents (Soak up), Dilution (add water), Reactants (Foam), Overpack
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How to change exposures contacted
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1. Provide Shielding
2. Begin evacuation 3. Personal Protective Equipment |
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How to change the severity of harm
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1. Rinse off contamination
2. Increase distance from source 3. Provide shielding 4. Provide Prompt medical |
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